中国汉族6～18周岁女性人群牙齿生长发育的年龄研究

目的研究牙齿钙化程度与年龄的关系,建立利用牙齿推断中国汉族女性人群年龄的方程。方法通过对6923名6～18周岁汉族女性儿童及青少年全口曲面断层影像下颌恒牙的钙化程度进行评分;将分级值及其对应的年龄输入SPSS软件进行分析,最终建立推断年龄的方程模型;从研究样本外随机抽取已知年龄的样本181例进行肓测。结果牙齿钙化评分值与年龄相关分析结果相关系数r均大于0．6,同名牙评分值侧别间统计分析结果P〉0．05且相关系数r均大于0．93,方程拟合优度检验R^2=0．789,估计值标准误为1．28岁,盲测结果与真实年龄的平均误差为0．421±0．272岁。结论本研究所建立的方法在推断中国汉族女性6～18周岁群体年龄方面有良好的应用前景。     

摩登与反摩登——民国报刊建构的女性身体及其现代意义

民国报刊建构的摩登女性身体是现代性之于女性的作用物,具有丰富的现代意涵:首先,它指称着现代性,标志着处于世界现代化潮流中的中国人追求现代性的热烈尝试,是现代都市市民文化的具体而微的活雕塑;其次,它指称着女性解放,是身体解放的极至,是现代女性从闺阁中解放出来,走入更广阔的社会空间的一种象征;再次,它又指称着身体物化,意味着从封建专制主义与父权制家庭解放出来的女性重又沦为男权社会与商业文化消费的对象。     

Female Employment in Lithuania: Testing Three Popular Explanations

This article compares three popular explanations for changes in female employment in post-socialist countries: retraditionalization, reserve army of labor, and revalued resources. Although these explanations are complementary in many ways, the retraditionalization thesis seems the most accurate explanation. In the early 1990s, gender-role attitudes were highly traditional, a tendency that might have contributed to the huge decrease in female labor force participation. Despite the changes, the comeback of the male-breadwinner family model is unlikely, since the acceptance of women's working roles is rapidly increasing.     

司法经验中的生活体验——从典型女性法官形象切入

从典型女性法官的司法经验来看,她们之所以在日常的司法工作中有着突出的表现,以及她们的司法经验更易于获得社会的普遍认同,就在于她们都努力将个人的生活体验融入司法经验之中,不仅善于以"做人"的方式来"做事",而且也习惯于以"过日子"的态度和原则来"工作"。这些典型女性法官的司法经验和形象对于当下中国司法而言,可能意味着不仅要建构一种整体性司法知识观与司法模式,而且也要求中国法官能够运用一种更加实用也更生活化的司法方法。换言之,这些典型女性法官的司法经验对于当下中国的司法及其发展而言,可能意味着要以一种符合现代中国人的生活化眼光和生存性智慧来再造司法的知识理论与实践模式,在促成法律生活与日常生活更加紧密的互动融通的基础上,使司法及其方法更加规范化和生活化,唯此,才可能确保司法在更好地满足社会生活与司法需求的同时推动司法制度的良性发展。     

Honored Feminine by the Government and the Influences on the Lives of Women by This System during the Hart Dynasty

汉代为旌表制度的形成时期,德行卓异的妇女亦在旌表之列,并呈现出诸多时代特点。汉代旌表女性,与儒学在汉代的意识形态化紧密关联,同时亦是汉代对底层社会软性控制的表现之一,然而考察汉代世风则发现夫死更嫁乃时俗所趋,悍妇现象亦为社会真实存在,此皆与国家所旌扬妇德标准相背离。这种制度与现实的疏离固然与汉代国家所着意旌表的本就是那些与常态相异行为之特性有关,同时亦折射出国家主流意识形态对女性实际生活的塑造力是极为有限的。     

网络“酒托女”诈骗犯罪初探

网络技术的发展使人类社会步入了网络化的时代。网络化的发展及其普及对人类社会的影响就像一把双刃剑、既有利又有弊,一方面网络化给生活各方面带来了诸多的便利,另一方面虚拟的网络也成为了犯罪分子作案平台和手段。网络"酒托女"诈骗犯罪就是通过网络平台来色诱被害人、并与其约见后带领被害人到托店进行高额消费来诈骗钱财的犯罪行为。当前,网络"酒托女"诈骗犯罪已经成为社会的一大毒瘤,呈"井喷"式发案状态。本文,对网络"酒托女"诈骗犯罪的组织结构,发案规律特点等进行分析的基础上,提出了侦破此类案件的几点对策。     

国外女性旅游从业人员研究综述

本研究对国外旅游业中的女性从业人员相关研究文献进行了梳理发现,研究成果主要集中于乡村旅游中的女性从业人员、外来女性旅游从业人员、旅游企业女性从业人员三个方面。因此,本文从以上三个方面对文献的研究成果进行了研习、回顾和评析。研究发现,国外女性旅游从业人员研究内容丰富、视角多元,但也存在缺乏系统框架和深入分析、研究方法单一等不足。     

Management Strategies When Working with Female Prisoners

Abstract

Scholars and practitioners have noted the potential for using understanding and language about the unique needs of women offenders to justify special controls over them in the prison setting. Using data from a national study of innovative management and programming strategies among correctional administrators, the present research examines management approaches needed for women, with a focus on the degree to which some administrators use stereotypes and/or perceived needs of women offenders in their rationale for choosing particular management strategies. Approximately 80 percent of the respondents reported that there is a need to use different management techniques for male and female prisoners. About half of these respondents noted that these differing management techniques are related to interpersonal skills and communication followed by programming needs and differences in general needs.     

Gender Differences in the Impact of Family of Origin Violence on Perpetrators of Domestic Violence

This study examines the applicability of theories related to the intergenerational transmission of violence. Studies of the impact of violence in the family of origin on the propensity to engage in domestic violence as an adult have commonly focused on boys as potential perpetrators. This study examined the impact of previous violent victimization on males and females charged with domestic violence perpetration, finding previous violence significantly related to increased fear and hyper-vigilance to threat in adult relationships. In addition, the study explored the theoretical assertion that those who use violence in their homes are not also generally violent and found that the majority of individuals using violence, both males and females, were not violent outside the home.     

“I didn’t do it,but if I did I had a good reason”: Minimization,Denial, and Attributions of Blame Among Male and Female Domestic Violence Offenders

Women are increasingly being arrested and prosecuted for assaulting an intimate partner. Whereas extensive research has been conducted to identify the treatment needs of male domestic violence offenders, few studies have examined females convicted of the same charges. In the present study 1,267 men and 159 women convicted of intimate partner abuse were compared on scales assessing attributions of blame for their recent offense, minimization, denial, and socially desirable responding. Research with male offenders has identified these factors as important treatment targets, as they appear to influence an offenders risk for noncompliance and recidivism. The results of the study suggest that both male and female domestic violence offenders engage in socially desirable responding during court-ordered evaluations, that both attribute greater blame for the recent offense to their spouse/partner than they acknowledge for themselves, and that significant numbers of both genders deny the recent incident and/or minimize the severity of the offense. Areas for further research are highlighted along with a discussion of the implications of these findings for practitioners.