Measuring the Convergence/Divergence of “Serious Crime” Arrest Rates for Males and Females: 1960–1995

It is now almost a quarter of a century since Adler (1975) and Simon (1975)stimulated a debate about the convergence of crime rates for men andwomen. The ensuing debate generated literally dozens of papers. Given theexistence of a series that now extends from 1960 to 1995, this papersuggests an appropriate way to examine the convergence hypothesis usingtime series techniques. These techniques take into consideration the effectsof the following factors: (a) random shocks orinnovations, (b) the potentially lasting effects of suchinnovations, and (c) the autocorrelation that time series oftenexhibit. Using time series techniques on annual data, we examine trends inthe arrest rates for males and females for six Part I crimes (homicide,robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft)for the years 1960 through 1995. We test for convergence, divergence, notrend, and a special condition of equilibrium between series calledcointegration.     

20世纪“十七年”时期女性文学的尴尬处境

"十七年"时期的文学给人的印象是英雄的文本、革命的文本、无性的文本,所以作为文学一翼的女性文学始终没有被另提别论,以至有人认为"十七年"不存在女性意义上的文学.通过戒除时"女性文学"作过于狭隘的理解,充分考虑"十七年"女性文学特定的历史和现实语境,我们方可发现,"十七年"女性文学一定程度上仍然在对社会生活和女性生活的文学表现中,或隐或显地融入了女性的性别意识和审美经验.与此同时,我们也应正视它所内蕴的女性主体意识明显缺失的不足.     

评艾丽丝·沃克的前期长篇小说创作——兼及当代美国黑人女性写作

艾丽丝·沃克是当代美国著名的黑人女作家和"黑人妇女写作文艺复兴运动的灵魂人物",她的前期长篇小说根植于南方黑人社区生活,尤其关注黑人妇女的生存状态,关注她们的苦难和抗争.针对黑人妇女受种族主义和性别主义的双重煎熬处于分裂精神状态的情势,沃克孜孜以求"完整的生存",并提出了独创性的"妇女主义"理论,以实现包括男人和女人在内的全人类的生存与完整.因此,沃克的前期长篇小说成为当代美国黑人女性文学的光辉典范,其志在重塑黑人主体人格、以文学探索生存意义的执著写作正在改变美国黑人文学的边缘地位,引领着黑人种族文化步入开放的未来.     

全面建设小康社会应提高女性素质

全面建设小康社会很重要的一个目标就是实现人的全面发展 ,这就必然要求人由“传统人”向“现代人”转变 ,要求作为人类半数的女性由“传统女性”向“现代女性”转变。为此 ,女性必须调整心理素质、提高科学文化素质、培养创新素质 ,从而更好地推动全面建设小康社会的进程     

中国大陆女性社会学课程建设现状与发展趋势

以本学科理论研究的广泛和深化为基础,以学生的需求为前提条件,以教师积极主动的教学为决定性力量,在国际基金的推动下,近几年来中国大陆女性社会学的课程建设有了较大的发展。在今后的几年中,开设女性社会学及相关课程的高校将不断增加,课程的设置将出现综合化和专题化的两向发散现象,学科化程度进一步增强;教材和教学参考资料的编写将更注重合作化和组织化运作,女性社会学教学网络的建设将得到更多的重视。     

消除全球化背景下的性别"数字鸿沟"--读《e时代的女性--中外比较研究》

文章对黄育馥和刘霓的著作《e时代的女性———中外比较研究》做了评述,认为该书填补了我国从性别角度研究信息技术社会问题论著的空白。本文分析了该书揭示性别“数字鸿沟”的方法、过程,归纳了形成“数字鸿沟”的原因,重点论述了性别数字鸿沟使女性在全球化中处于不利地位的观点,并提出相应消除性别数字鸿沟的方针和建议。     

女犯同性恋现象的心理学透析

伴随着犯罪的复杂化,在对女性罪犯改造过程中,出现了新的现象——同性恋。女性罪犯中的同性恋现象,有它自身的生理和心理特征,从心理学角度对这一现象进行透析,是矫治同性恋行为,改造罪犯的内在要求。     

Predictors of Physical Competence in Adolescent Girls

Physical competence, comprising athletic competence and physical appearance competence, is positively related to feelings of self-worth in adolescent girls. This study compared the relationships of psychological, physiological, and maturational constructs with perceived physical competence in adolescent girls. Perceived physical appearance and perceived athletic competence, peer acceptance, body weight, body mass index (BMI), aerobic fitness (VO₂max), physical activity level, and menarcheal status were assessed. Global self-worth was highly correlated with peer acceptance, perceived physical appearance, and perceived athletic competence in this sample. Regression analyses indicated that peer acceptance was the best predictor of perceived physical competence. Additional predictors of perceived physical appearance and athletic competence are discussed. Results suggest that postmenarcheal and larger girls may be at risk for low perceptions of physical competence. Enhancing competence feelings among adolescent girls may be accomplished by emphasizing friendship and social interaction within physical activity.     

Crime, Prison, and Female Labor Supply

This paper introduces the vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology into themainstream of applied criminological research as an alternative to theestimation of structural models of crime. The paper presents cointegrationtest statistics for a second-order VAR of crime, prison population, femalelabor force participation, and durable consumption. Our results for theimpact of imprisonment on the crime rate are similar to Levitt's (1996)and substantially larger than previous estimates (e.g., Marvell and Moody,1994). We find that the short-run response of the crime rate to increasedlabor force participation of women is larger than the long-run effect. Theimplication is that major social changes, like the increased labor supply ofwomen, may have surprising impacts and that social institutions may takesome substantial period of time to adjust to such major changes.     

试论西方女权主义理论走向

西方女权主义运动经历了三次高潮 :第一次以争取妇女参政权、受教育权和就业权等基本人权为重心 ;第二次在有关性别歧视的起源、性质及解决方式等问题上 ,出现了以自由女权主义、社会主义女权主义和激进女权主义为代表的三家之说 ;第三次高潮中 ,由于后现代主义话语理论影响 ,女权主义理论更强调女性经验的复杂性及建立女性话语的必要性。本文在此基础上预测了新世纪女权主义的基本走向