PAROLEE RECIDIVISM IN CALIFORNIA: THE EFFECT OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS*

We studied a sample of reentering parolees in California in 2005–2006 to examine whether the social structural context of the census tract, as well as nearby tracts, along with the relative physical closeness of social service providers affects serious recidivism resulting in imprisonment. We found that a 1 standard deviation increase in the presence of nearby social service providers (within 2 miles) decreases the likelihood of recidivating 41 percent and that this protective effect was particularly strong for African American parolees. This protective effect was diminished by overtaxed services (as proxied by potential demand). We found that higher concentrated disadvantage and social disorder (as measured by bar and liquor store capacity) in the tract increases recidivism and that higher levels of disadvantage and disorder in nearby tracts increase recidivism. A 1 standard deviation increase in the concentrated disadvantage of the focal neighborhood and the surrounding neighborhoods increases the likelihood of recidivating by 26 percent. The findings suggest that the social context to which parolees return (both in their own neighborhood and in nearby neighborhoods), as well as the geographic accessibility of social service agencies, play important roles in their successful reintegration.     

Variations in the Recidivism of Treated and Nontreated Sexual Offenders in New Jersey: An Examination of Three Time Frames

This study examines the recidivism of sexual offenders in New Jersey at three different time intervals: three years, five years, and ten years after release from prison. The sample is comprised of sexual offenders released from the general prison population (untreated sample, n = 150) and the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADTC) (treated sample, n = 150), a sex offender specific facility. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to identify the recidivism rates of sexual offenders and to determine whether sexual offenders who receive treatment demonstrate lower levels of recidivism and (2) to examine whether differences in recidivism exist among the varying time frames and offender subtypes. The results indicate that treated sex offenders maintained decreased nonsexual recidivism rates. Additionally, offenders who committed acts of rape and offenders followed up after six years had increased rates of recidivism.     

论社区矫正的性质定位及改革

社区矫正的性质关乎其今后的发展方向,针对我国现阶段社区矫正改革无法深入的实践现状,必须对社区矫正的性质进行准确定位,由此引发对社区矫正有关的处遇定义、理论根基、价值理念、法律规定、国外经验的思考,最终认定其为一种综合性的非监禁处遇措施,并在正确定位后进行了一系列改革措施的构想。     

胎儿人身利益损害医疗事故处理初探

文章从胎儿人身利益保护理论着手，探讨了在《医疗事故分级标准（试行）》中增加胎儿人身利益受损分级标准，以及在《医疗事故处理条例》中细化胎儿人身利益受损赔偿标准的立法可行性，从而为恰当处理此类纠纷提供法律依据。     

解析九个第一的“昆明戒毒模式”

昆明市强制戒毒所组建二十年来，积极探索“以人为本”的禁吸戒毒工作新思路、新举措，长期开展戒毒工作，首创全国禁吸戒毒工作领域的九个第一。在实践中进一步丰富和完善并形成“昆明戒毒模式”，在国际国内禁吸戒毒工作领域受到广泛关注。本文通过解析这一先进戒毒模式，以期提供学习和借鉴。     

网络环境下远程医疗若干法律问题初探

目前，世界上还没有国家通过立法认定远程医疗。远程医疗对人类医疗卫生事业的发展有着重大而深远的意义。自主性、契约性、地域性决定了远程医疗不同的法律特征及其调整机制。网络环境下的远程医疗涉及到计算机、法律、伦理等诸多领域的问题。本文选择了远程医疗设备评估、许可证及隐私权的保护等几个法律问题进行探讨。     

劳务派遣关系的规制

随着社会经济的不断发展，单一的职业介绍活动不能满足企业和劳动者日益多样化的需求，一种新型用工方式劳务派遣应运而生。由于缺乏明确的法律规范，屡屡出现侵害劳动者权益的情形，新出台的《劳动合同法》对劳务派遣这种新型的用工模式作了具体规定，使劳动者的合法权益得到了有效的保护。     

韩国废物负担金制度的实施效果

为了抑制废物的发生和资源的浪费，韩国政府对生产和进口含有有害物质，难以再利用、有可能导致废物管理问题的厂商，征收处理其废物所需费用。一直以来，由于废物负担金的制度缺陷，它在抑制废物、诱导废物的再利用和确保废物处理的财源等方面没能很好地刺激经济增长，实施效果并不理想。为了弥补这种制度缺陷，韩国政府通过修改《促进资源的节约和再利用的法律》强化了“排放者责任”或“污染者责任”，谋求废物管理政策从政府管制为主转向市场为主，使废物负担金尽可能反映废物收集、处理等直接费用和废物引起的环境费用等间接的社会边际成本。     

娄底城区道路交通综合治理对策研究

在对娄底城区道路交通管理存在问题进行综合分析的基础上，从协调城市交通中人、车、路和交通环境四者之间关系出发，通过科学的交通组织和对城区现有交通管理难点问题进行合理改善，并提出了一系列的交通综合治理对策。     

非法讯问行为的程序法矫治体系略论

我国对于非法讯问行为的程序法矫治体系匮乏.当前非法讯问行为的多发和危害的严重性,以及程序性行为所具有效力的先定性、程序运行连锁效应、程序选择的单项性等特征分别在实务和理论层面上对程序法矫治体系提出了要求.为此需要建构一个系统化的程序法矫治机制,以便矫正和预防非法讯问行为.