欧盟动物源性食品安全法律问题研究

全球范围内恶性食源性动物传染病的频发推动了欧盟食品法的改革。本文介绍了欧盟动物源性食品安全的法律体系、管理机构和生产者责任,并在此基础上按照“从农场到餐桌”的整个食品链思路,进一步评析了欧盟动物源性食品安全管理中的可追溯性制度、危害分析和关键控制点制度、食品和饲料快速预警系统和食品标识制度,最后总结出了欧盟动物源性食品安全法律政策对我国的应有启示。     

论食品安全国际法律规制中的软法

食品安全国际法律规制中的软法主要表现为跨政府治理网络中的国际软法和有关国际组织制定的国际软法。前者是指不同国家的食品安全政府职能部门之间以双边备忘录等形式达成的非条约性协议。后者是指专业性国际组织、区域性国际组织和国际非政府组织制定的与食品安全相关的指导建议、行动计划、原则宣言和标准等国际文件。这些没有法律约束力但具有实际效力的国际软法在食品安全国际法律规制中发挥着独特的补充和辅助功能,理应引起我们的关注。     

跨国合作：全球化视阈下食品安全治理的新构想

食品安全是关系到整个人类生存与发展的严峻问题,已成为各国政府和人民共同关注的焦点。经济全球化使得食品安全成为全球性问题,各合作治理主体加强合作,采取协调行动,实施跨国合作治理是解决该世界难题的有效之策。     

食品安全监管主体的模式转换与法治化

近年来食品安全形势严峻,导致各国食品安全监管体制改革,我国政府同样在努力探索有效的食品安全监管模式。采取独立监管模式和社会性监管模式是近年来各国改革的趋势,我国应当加以借鉴。我国食品安全监管机构职权设定、变更应当法治化,为此需要健全我国的行政组织法。     

“三鹿奶粉”系列案定性探疑

"三鹿奶粉"系列案涉及的、含有三聚氰胺的所谓"蛋白粉"是有害物质而不是有毒物质,添加者故意将其添加到原牛奶中并卖给"三鹿集团"的行为,在性质上属于生产、销售有害食品。制造并销售"蛋白粉"的行为不应当如法院判决的那样构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪,而应当与添加者的行为构成生产、销售有害食品罪的"连锁共犯"。"三鹿集团"的行为,应当以2008年8月1日检测报告出具明确结论为界分为两个阶段:在前一阶段,其直接负责的主管人员构成重大责任事故罪,在后一阶段,"三鹿集团"的行为在性质上属于生产、销售有害食品,与生产销售伪劣产品罪存在法条竞合;根据《刑法》第149条关于择一重罪处罚的规定,应按第140条的规定构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪;对"三鹿集团"直接负责的主管人员两个阶段的罪行应当数罪并罚。     

食品安全与国家安全

近年来连续不断地发生食品安全事件,伤害了消费者的身心健康,影响了中国产品的出口贸易,丑化了中国产品的国际形象,在一定程度上威胁了我国的国家安全.从国家安全的角度来分析食品安全问题,预防和减少食品安全事件的发生,就要加强国家间交流,积极建立合作平台;对内提升食品安全意识,对外改善食品国际形象;建立国家食品安全体系,加强政府监管,提高我国的食品质量,从而更有效地维护国家安全.     

Seed laws,certification and standardization: outlawing informal seed systems in the Global South

A series of relatively new seed laws are becoming novel mechanisms of accumulation by dispossession in agriculture. Many researchers have argued that intellectual property rights (IPR) laws that apply to living materials dispossess people of seeds by privatizing germplasm. What these authors have not addressed is the role that non-IPR-related seed laws play in the seed enclosure. I argue that we should pay more attention to the implications of seed laws and regulations that do not deal directly with IPR issues, because they are also being used to outlaw practices that are necessary for the functioning of informal seed systems. As a result, they are setting the stage for the further erosion of seed sovereignty and are becoming an additional threat to an already waning agro-biodiversity, with direct consequences for farmers’ livelihoods. These seed laws establish certification requirements and quality standards for the marketing and/or exchange of seeds. I use the example of contemporary Colombian seed politics to illustrate how and why certification requirements and quality standards are currently being introduced throughout the Global South. I draw on insights from the standards literature in order to explain the power, limitations and consequences of these laws.     

What can security do for food? Lessons from Brazil

What are the analytical benefits of using the security vocabulary when addressing issues of human well-being? And to what extent can a security framing of these issues be useful in the normative and political sense – that is, when making judgements about existing policies and when formulating and implementing alternative ones? This article uses the case of food security to engage with these questions. It argues for a shift away from conceptual fine-tuning of what food security should mean and towards an appreciation of how security functions as a political modality. Whilst acknowledging that this modality can work to encourage international conflict, enable governmental control and empower global capitalism, the idea that security has an inherent logic which denies progressive politics is refuted. Drawing on the idea of emancipation in critical security studies, and applying it to empirical examples from contemporary Brazil, it is shown how food security can help expedite action to address harm and vulnerability, reinforce the public sphere and widen the scope of social concern.     

应用审美文化在历史转型期的表现——明清服饰、饮食与茶文化论

明清是中国美学史由古典而近现代之转型期 ,而以服饰、饮食和茶为代表的应用审美文化 ,即谋求审美与生活融合的生活艺术之讲究 ,则是这一时代审美文化变迁之重要表征。简言之 ,本时期审美文化表现出以下特点 :繁饰与奢华追求、社会矛盾对立之转化、审美功能之强化及大众化趣味几个方面     

General Sisters,General Store / Big Rock Candy Mountain

The article is a summary of conversations with two artist pairs: Dana Bishop-Root and Ginger Brooks Takahashi of the collective General Sisters, General Store in North Braddock, USA, and Helen Reed and Hannah Jickling of the project Big Rock Candy Mountain in Vancouver, Canada.