A pluralist and pragmatist critique of food regime’s genealogy: varieties of social orders in Brazilian agriculture

ABSTRACT

The food regime approach occupies a privileged place in the sociology of agriculture and food. However, it is criticized for its structural, universalist and homogenizing bias. From a dialogue between institutionalism and pragmatism, this contribution discusses an alternative framework constructed from the ‘social order’ concept, which defines the existence of different arrangements of practices related to socio-technical and institutional apparatuses. Both the critique of the ‘regime’ narrative and the new proposition are associated to a reinterpretation of Brazil’s agricultural trajectory. Contrasting with the overemphasized export-oriented plantation/agribusiness image that prevails in the majority of analysis about Brazilian insertion in globalized agri-food regime, this paper explores the heterogeneity of production and consumption practices, arguing for the coexistence of multiple and contradictory ordering processes.     

Consent behind the counter: aspiring citizens and labour control under precarious (im)migration schemes

‘Managed migration’ schemes promote mobility of labour across international borders, diversifying worksites and introducing new systems of enacting labour consent. This article examines how Canadian franchisees are recruiting Filipino migrants to staff their restaurants, facilitating employers’ access to new, flexible subjects. These workers covet their employment as pathways to Canadian citizenship. Some are unaware, however, that they are recruited under a precarious immigration scheme, one that neither directly denies nor facilitates access to legal incorporation. Instead, migrants are (transnationally) encouraged to compete in the worksite for employer-nominated citizenship, a highly productive system for engendering consent. This draws attention to new challenges ‘managed migration’ schemes pose for resisting downward pressures on work and employment conditions.     

Manufacturing corporate landscapes: the case of agrarian displacement and food (in)security in Haiti

This paper explores the historical and contemporary sources of food insecurity in Haiti. It begins by detailing the impact of colonial legacies on the Caribbean region as a whole and on Haiti in particular. The adverse consequences associated with this period include deforestation, soil infertility and food-import dependence. The paper then turns to more contemporary trends, namely the influence of 30 years of neoliberal ideology. It argues that the belief that Haiti can best achieve food security through the pursuit of comparative advantage, a notion advanced and supported by powerful international and domestic actors, has served to reinforce harmful historic trends. We support this argument with recent fieldwork findings that highlight how the construction of a new export processing zone (EPZ), following the 2010 earthquake, has generated troubling environmental and food security concerns.     

重构中国粮食安全的认知维度、监测指标及治理体系

判断一国粮食安全的实现程度,要基于对粮食安全的清晰认知。粮食安全问题易被简化为粮食总产量问题。上述概念相关但非同一命题。国际粮食安全认知维度及演进显示,粮食安全是一个系统,从横向看,它包含可供量、粮食获取、粮食利用(如营养安全)与稳定性四个维度;从纵向看,它包括宏观、中观与微观(如家庭获取能力)三个层面。一个完备的国家粮食安全监测指标体系也应与这四个维度、三个层面相对应。当前中国粮食安全政策与监测主要强调国内供给总量安全,属于可供量维度与宏观层面的交集;其他维度则较为单薄,尤其是微观层面的粮食获取维度以及粮食利用维度下的营养安全。借鉴巴西跳出"粮食生产大国无粮食安全之虞"的认知窠臼、直面其粮食安全严峻态势、进而推行影响深远的"零饥饿"计划、取得显著成效的经验,中国应加快构建一套比较全面的、符合当前经济、社会和农业发展现状的粮食安全认知、监测及治理体系,即将粮食安全治理重心从宏观转入宏观、中观、微观并重,构建一套全面的粮食安全监测指标体系以及建立跨部门的粮食安全治理体系。     

清热化痰运脾消积法治疗小儿急性支气管炎痰热夹滞证30例

目的观察清热化痰、运脾消积法治疗小儿急性支气管炎痰热夹滞证的临床疗效。方法将60例急性支气管炎痰热夹滞证患儿随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组各30例。治疗组采用清金化痰汤加运脾之品临证化裁治疗,对照组予小儿消积止咳口服液治疗,连续治疗7d。结果治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组在改善咳嗽、咳痰、肺部啰音、不思乳食、腹胀腹痛、口干口渴、口臭、大便不调和脉象方面明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后主症积分、次症积分、症状总积分均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),治疗组治疗后主症积分、次症积分、症状总积分下降值显著大于对照组(P0.05)。结论清热化痰、运脾消积法治疗小儿急性支气管炎痰热夹滞证疗效确切。     

“ 十四五” 时期我国粮食安全保障问题研究

当前我国粮食安全面临着诸如粮食生产动力不足，粮食供需结构失衡，资源环 境压力过大，粮食产业竞争力不强和生产效益较低等问题，给国家经济社会稳定带来了一定 的隐患。“十四五”时期还需继续贯彻落实新发展理念，在复杂的发展形势下不断完善已有的粮食安全保障体系，为“十四五”时期乃至未来国内经济社会可持续发展提供保证。具体应以创新的理念突破粮食生产瓶颈，以协调的理念化解粮食结构矛盾，以绿色的理念缓解资源和环境压力，以开放的理念防范国际粮食贸易风险，以共享的理念提高粮食生产整体效益，共同提高我国粮食安全保障能力。     

The Mark of a Food Allergy Label: School Accommodation Policy and Bullying

ABSTRACT

This study examines the extent to which specific school accommodation policies relate to bullying victimization among children with food allergies using a labeling framework. Data were collected through a web-based survey of parents of children with food allergies from several online support groups (N = 622). Using logistic regression, results reveal that school the self-carry rescue medication and hand-washing food accommodation policies are related to increased odds of bullying victimization. Potential policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

Food for Thought: Reflections on a Counter-hegemonic Food-related Intervention in a South African University

Currently the Academy operates primarily as a space that helps to create and cement neoliberal hegemony in the Gramscian sense. However, since hegemony is never complete, universities are a site of struggle and the opportunity exists to engage in a “war of position” within them. This must necessarily involve allowing space for counter-hegemonic discourses to emerge through critical reflection on “common sense” discourses, as well as the deliberate inclusion of counter-hegemonic thinking and theory from below. This article reflects on an attempt to do this in a South African university, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, in relation to the issue of food. The Food Festival was an attempt to subvert interlocking hegemonic discourses, including that of food security, by “reading the world” (à la Freire) in order to understand the actual nature of existing food systems as inherently oppressive, and “inserting” the concept of food sovereignty as developed by the global peasants’ movement La Via Campesina. After considering the counter-hegemonic intentions of the Festival, the article reflects on its uneven success.     

Indigenous food sovereignty in a captured state: the Garifuna in Honduras

Abstract

This study explores the emergence of the Afro-Indigenous food sovereignty movement in the context of a captured Honduran state and unequal political economy. In contrast with national-level research that has advocated a policy of food security in the context of non-indigenous campesino movements, this work explains how food sovereignty is more appropriate regarding Garifuna Hondurans. In a political economy that has precluded other options, and given the deep cultural relation that Garifuna activists have to land and autonomy, food sovereignty provides a possibility around which Indigenous development can be animated. It encapsulates a local ‘fight’ response to repression as an alternative to northern ‘flight’, often via migrant caravans, that many Garifuna have undertaken. This study shows how food sovereignty, more than being a technical policy set, is a discursive and material node through which dispossessed and especially indigenous populations can enhance decolonial power in the contestation of entrenched hegemonic and institutionalised power in a corrupt, unequal and colonised political economy.     

我国食品安全风险规制模式之转型

以食品安全风险规制所涉主体为基点，通过考察行政机关、利害关系人、专家和普通公众四类主体在食品安全风险规制中所承载的不同角色和功能，可以抽象出食品安全风险规制的两种模式。我国传统的食品安全风险规制模式属于自上而下模式，食品安全法的颁布与实施强化了该模式。面对当前我国频繁发生的食品安全事件，自上而下的规制模式在风险议题形成、安全标准制定、风险评估、风险信息沟通和风险管理等方面面临全面挑战。相互合作的规制模式有当代政治法律理论和国外食品安全风险规制经验的支持，有助于在食品安全风险规制所需要的理性与感情、科学与民主之间寻求尽可能的平衡，符合我国食品安全风险规制的现实需要。在规范层面上，该模式的制度框架由核心制度、支持性制度和技术制度构成。