How the West was Won: A Deconstruction of Politicised Colonial Engineering

History has taught us that the Global North's attempts to ‘civilise' the rest of the world's population, both now and in colonial times, have been fraught with difficulty. This paper argues that this difficulty is mainly owing to the political standpoint and positioning of our perceived engineering and technical superiority. A failure to recognise this viewpoint and to change the way in which we work together—in a global sense—to solve issues such as climate change, threatens our ability to survive as a species. Political standpoints on such issues still assume a superiority of governments in the Global North. This paper retraces colonial engineering projects, mainly directed from the UK, that failed to consider the development of other populations in the world, and their needs. It is also posited that our exploitation in the Global North, which assumes historical superiority as a basic premise, will fail in tackling major issues. Change is needed through a decolonisation of engineering projects, and western engineering curricula that are used to train future professionals. Evidence of the impact of decolonisation on the engineering discipline itself is scarce, but nevertheless, a response is needed to ensure that a more inclusive curriculum and narrative is developed.     

历史哲学的现代发展——从马克思到邓小平

:邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义的哲学基础是马克思主义历史哲学。马克思关于东方社会发展道路的理论 ,与邓小平“什么是社会主义 ,怎样建设社会主义”思想的提出 ,有着历史的内在联系 ,两者的理论前提就是科学的历史哲学     

论近代历史变迁中的中国文化转型

文化是历史的重要组成部分,历史的演变必然引起文化相应的改变。在近代这个中国几千年历史的重要转型期,中国文化呈现出了前所未有的波澜起伏,是任其在西方文化冲击下衰弱,还是在痛苦中完成蜕变,寻找新的突破口？从中国文化的艰难转型中,今天的人们获得了很多重要启示。昨天的历史引领着今天的道路。     

史中“人道”推市场建议重申人道主义和人权史

人道主义和人权是适应和保护市场经济的意识形态和政治理念,具有克服"异化"现象,促使市场经济健康发展、人类全面进步的功能。但我们在这个问题上仍存在错误或过时的认识。因此,我们应从推进中国社会市场经济体制的深化和完善出发,从保障人权及人的全面发展出发,立基于"人权条款"入宪的新态势,把中外人道主义和人权思想史列为重点项目,深入研究。     

充分发挥历史教学在德育教育中的作用

发挥历史教学的特点进行德育教育,应成为各类学校和每一位历史老师严肃思考的问题。挖掘教材资源,充分利用教材自身的特点,有机、有意、有序地渗透德育内容;调动学生主动参与的积极性,开发利用周围可供进行德育教育的各种资源,改进教学方法,形成道德情感;等等。充分发挥历史学科对现实的指导作用,力求做到学以致用。     

What Past Is Present?

The article deals with new modes of representation of Croatian contemporary history. It argues that the Croatian grand narrative of the twentieth century is presented as the continuous fight of Croats for their nation-state. All historical events in the narrative are appraised as beneficial or harmful only in how they contributed to the creation of the state. The pattern of representation in heavily ethnocentric. The constructed self-image of the Croatian nation portrays Croats as humiliated and repressed by various others in the twentieth century. Croats are represented as the victims of other national groups and of history. The notion of historical responsibility is nonexistent for the analysed period.     

Fund Accounting from the Italian Early Tradition to the U.S. GAAP for Governments

Surprising correspondences emerge from the parallel investigation of fund accounting practices in Italian entities until the late nineteenth century and in the contemporary U.S. public sector. The analysis attempts to interpret similarities and differences in light of dissimilar environmental features, and wonders if the Italian tradition could have some explanatory capability on the U.S. present standards. The “fund” concept and its use are strictly similar; they are founded on information needs for governance and internal control. Contemporary requirements for democracy and transparency, and opportunities coming from modern ICT tools bring U.S. organizations to be accountable to the citizenry.     

The politics of history and historical memory in China-Japan relations

The current state of China-Japan relations is characterized by two seemingly contradictory developments adjacent to each other: while economic and cultural relations have experienced an unprecedented and continuous improvement since the 1980s, Chinese and Japanese public perceptions of each other have been deteriorating. This raises interesting questions. How do we explain this discrepancy and what are the sources of the increasing public animosity in China or Japan toward the other country? Can China and Japan maintain amicable relations and continue economic cooperation in spite of the enduring mistrust between their peoples? What is the role of public perception and memory of history in the foreign policies of East Asia? This paper addresses these questions, focusing especially on the last one — the role of history and collective historical memory in international relations and the interaction between public sentiment and government foreign policies. Through a detailed study of recent events and the issue of Japanese textbooks, the author argues that public perception of history can and should be guided toward more positive directions. Otherwise, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain amicable relations between the two countries, especially when new nationalism is on the rise in both counties.     

美国基金会的历史、发展及其社会影响评析

本文对美国基金会兴起的历史背景、发展阶段进行梳理,分析基金会对现代社会发展的影响,以期对规范我国基金会的发展、正确把握与国外基金会的交往有所启示.     

艾伦·梅克森斯·伍德对技术决定论的批判

艾伦·梅克森斯·伍德认为马克思不是技术决定论者。她从三个维度批判了技术决定论:从阶级和历史维度,伍德认为技术决定论否定阶级的存在,忽视对具体社会的特殊性分析,主张超历史的和普遍的历史观,认为技术革新是社会变革的主要动力;从资本主义维度,伍德认为资本主义本身是反技术的,技术的发展会加剧自身的特殊矛盾;从社会主义维度,伍德认为社会主义追求的不是技术决定论意义上的阶级消亡和生产主义,而是自然、人与社会之间的和谐,以及生产者的自由联合体。