How the West was Won: A Deconstruction of Politicised Colonial Engineering

History has taught us that the Global North's attempts to ‘civilise' the rest of the world's population, both now and in colonial times, have been fraught with difficulty. This paper argues that this difficulty is mainly owing to the political standpoint and positioning of our perceived engineering and technical superiority. A failure to recognise this viewpoint and to change the way in which we work together—in a global sense—to solve issues such as climate change, threatens our ability to survive as a species. Political standpoints on such issues still assume a superiority of governments in the Global North. This paper retraces colonial engineering projects, mainly directed from the UK, that failed to consider the development of other populations in the world, and their needs. It is also posited that our exploitation in the Global North, which assumes historical superiority as a basic premise, will fail in tackling major issues. Change is needed through a decolonisation of engineering projects, and western engineering curricula that are used to train future professionals. Evidence of the impact of decolonisation on the engineering discipline itself is scarce, but nevertheless, a response is needed to ensure that a more inclusive curriculum and narrative is developed.     

Turkifying Poverty,or: the Phantom Pain of Izmir’s Lost Christian Working Class, 1924–26

This article shows that ‘Turkification’, a term widely used by historians of modern Turkey to refer to the forced transfer of property from Christian into Muslim hands, ought to be conceptualized not only in the sense of ‘enrichment’ but also, with regard to the working classes, as a process in which Muslim people inherited the poverty of their Christian predecessors. Taking ?zmir as a case in point, the article first describes the plight of the overwhelmingly Christian working class prior to 1922. It then studies reports and editorials that discussed the economic and social situation in ?zmir in the years 1923 to 1926, after the Turkish victory and forced migration of her Christian population. Over the course of these years, ?zmir experienced a serious economic crisis, and bread prices reached levels that led to widespread undernourishment and hunger among the city?s poor. Agricultural production was lagging behind pre-war levels, and positive effects of ‘Turkification? policies were failing to materialize. By analyzing the contemporary journalists? attempts at explaining the crisis, but also pointing out national and transnational factors that they were probably unaware of, the article makes an original contribution to the economic and social history of early republican Turkey.     

书写与歧视——"夜郎自大"现象与少数民族历史的异化

近年来,"夜郎自大"所体现的对于夜郎君主的误解开始引起学者们的广泛关注。然而,误解并非是偶然的,司马迁的历史记载以及成语贬义的形成,凝聚着深厚的传统的文化偏见,反映了在古代民族中心主义语境下,少数民族历史书写所遭受的一种普遍命运。     

龙勃罗梭在中国——一个犯罪学史的考察

龙勃罗梭及其学说在中国之命运变迁,是中国犯罪学发展历程的一个缩影.中国犯罪学以译介龙勃罗梭著作和理论为开端,其夭折也以批判和否定龙勃罗梭及其学说为先导,而其再生与发展同样是以对龙勃罗梭的肯定和客观评价为重要标志.因为龙勃罗梭,犯罪学始成为科学.遗憾的是尽管龙勃罗梭的学说传入中国已逾百年,但是当代中国犯罪学总体仍然处于形...     

食品安全地方立法的重大疑难问题解析——以起草《重庆市食品安全条例》为视角

《中华人民共和国食品安全法》以及《中华人民共和国食品安全法实施条例》的颁布实施,为完善我国食品安全监管体制,改善我国食品安全现状,充分保障公众身体健康和生命安全翻开了新的篇章。笔者于2008年8月受托主持起草并参研重庆市人民政府法制办公室委托起草项目《重庆市食品安全条例》,课题组历时1年,通过深入考察调研、广泛征求意见、经过8次修改,终于完成该《条例》起草工作。该项目已于2009年9月通过立法评审并结题。根据在《条例》起草过程中遇到的重大疑难问题,在食品安全监管模式方面,建议在坚持现有的多部门分段监管的基础上,建立并完善食品安全监管部门之间的协调机制、加大机构之间的协调力度;在食品安全监管部门的职责划分方面,建议对食品安全监管部门的职责划分作出明确、清晰的细化规定;对食品安全风险监测作出了突出监管重点的制度设计,规定风险评估的情形及安全隐患的处理机制;此外应明确各监管部门对"五小"食品的监管职责,构建食品检验结果信息共享机制。     

20世纪90年代以来的近代中国妇女史研究综述

20世纪90年代以来的近代中国妇女史研究取得了令人可喜的成果,成立了一批研究机构和学会,扩大了研究领域和范围,更新了研究视角和方法,发表、出版了可观的论著,从而促进了整个史学的发展。但就总体水平而言,高质量、高水准的成果并不多见,妇女史作为历史学科的一个分支学科,并未引起足够的重视,主要是资料的不足、分散,限制了近代中国妇女史研究的进一步拓展和深化。要真正确立妇女史的学科地位,尚需学术界的艰辛努力。     

雷经天新民主主义司法思想论

雷经天的司法思想是新民主主义司法思想的典型体现。苏维埃司法的政法传统、边区司法正规化改革思想及马克思主义理论的中国化潮流是其思想的主要来源。围绕新民主主义司法观，雷经天提出了在司法组织上贯彻民主集中制，在法官队伍建设中加强工农干部与知识分子干部的融合，在六法全书援用中将政治立场与司法实践适度分离，在司法程序中坚持司法民主、发展司法便利等系列观点。其思想贯穿着革命性和实践性思维的特点，是时代背景与个人经验综合作用的产物。     

我国食品安全法律制度研析

频发的食品安全事件使食品安全问题成为我国当今社会关注的焦点.《食品安全法》在这样的环境下应运而生,但却没能有效解决我国的食品安全问题.从我国食品安全法律规制的现状起笔,分析日前国内食品安全法律规制的不足,并从道德建设、行政处罚制度、民事赔偿制度、食品安全标准体系、平衡城乡执法力度等角度努力探寻解决问题的方法.     

广西运河史研究述评

广西的运河以其历史悠久、内涵丰富而著称,对广西运河的研究历来受到学术界的重视。位于广西境内的灵渠和临桂县的桂柳运河为南方水利史上的佳话;位于防城县江山半岛的潭蓬运河成为安南交通的捷径。     

中国大学生的日本观

中日关系曲折发展,备受各方关注。文章从历史教科书中有关日本的内容入手,更深层次地认识中国大学生的日本观,并简要分析其成因,指出其存在的问题。