国外食品安全法律监管对我国的借鉴

发达国家和国际组织以综合管理、科学管理、协作管理、责任管理为特点的先进食品安全监管理念和经验为我们提供了较好的借鉴。法律制度不健全、现存体制有缺陷、管理技术薄弱是我国食品问题产生的主要原因。应尽快制定食品安全基本法，整合现有的监管制度，重新构筑我国食品安全保障体系。     

清末“礼法之争”对现代中国法律制度的影响

清末“礼法之争”是中国与世界法制接轨的发端。礼教派提出的变法应立足本国国情，因俗治宜，保持各自的特色，有其合理性和一定的科学性，是符合我国现阶段的立法精神的。而法理派的主张由缺少中国特色。以史为鉴，我们要在拿来和守望中学会有所选择，有所摒弃，这也是今天法治建设的题中之义。     

食品安全犯罪疑难问题的认定

伴随着《刑法修正案（八）》的出台,国家对危害食品安全犯罪的相关条文进行了大量修改,而司法解释却出现空白,由此引发了司法实务中对该类罪名的适用疑惑与争论。文章对修改后的食品安全标准和＂罚金＂刑适用问题进行了剖析,以期更好地为司法实践服务。     

Food 2030: Towards a Redefinition of Food? A Commentary on the New United Kingdom Government Food Strategy

The British government published its new food strategy in January 2010, entitled ‘Food 2030: How We Get There’. This emerges out of a considerable amount of policy activity and debate since the sharp rises in food prices during 2007–2008. This demonstrated the need both to now have an explicit food policy, and to position this as a goal across various government departments. In addition, it is recognised that food security and hunger are key global concerns. How does the strategy face up to the arrival of these new and combined challenges associated with the need to produce more food sustainably and to allocate it more fairly? Clearly, we are in a period of new productivism with regard to trying to solve national and international food security and sustainability issues. Yet this strategy misses an opportunity to stimulate a new strategic approach in enhancing and developing the United Kingdom's food supply system albeit in its international context. We need more governmental and political innovation and imagination if we are to meet these challenges. The new food strategy may come to represent the start of this process.     

The decline of the idea of progress

The philosphers of the Englightenment conceived Progress as evidence of mankind's natural perfectibility. In the nineteenth century this image of the future was tarnished by abrupt epistemological changes and technical surprises. An unforeseen consequence of the invention and use of the steam engine was the breaking up of on idea that had acted as a principle for preservingt values, caused by the principle of the dissipation of energy in physics and the revolutionary analyses of the relations of socio-economic inequality in industrial societies. With Freud and Levi-Strauss, Carnot's principle becam the principle for judging history.     

The Material Culture of US Elections

Abstract

The abiding motif of election campaigns in the USA is not the spot ad, nor the candidate debate, nor even the campaign Web site, but instead remains the campaign button. It should be consigned to history by fast paced development of campaigns into modern technologies, but there are still hundreds of designs produced quadrennially for national campaigns, and many more for races at all levels. Even if the life of the campaign button is coming to a close, it has been a long run, from the brass buttons of 1789, to the tiny framed daguerreotypes of the mid-19th century, through the celluloid buttons of the 1890s, to the chip implanted versions of today.

But the campaign button is just the most ubiquitous example of the material culture of the US election. It has been modified by changes in artisan skills, industrial production, bulk availability, the changes in inexpensive materials and manufactures, and cost effectiveness and profitability. Over the same period of time many other artefacts have been used by entrepreneurs and campaigns to bring the candidates and their public together at the same time as making a profit-either financial or political. This article discusses the role of entrepreneurship, changing industrial technology, and the emergence of newly cost-effective materials, as contexts for the creation of the wealth of campaign ephemera that has adapted to change and maintained its place in the campaign for over 200 years.     

古代印度法的主要内容与特征——以《摩奴法论》为视角

古代印度法是世界主要法律传统之一。它包含着丰富的理念和制度，并在整体上形成了不同于其他古代法的鲜明特征。它在宗教和政治的关系上，表现为宗教之法；在不同种姓的关系上，表现为婆罗门之法；在学理与制度的关系上，表现为学说之法；在不同教派、行业与地域的关系上，表现为多元之法。深入研究这一法律文明，不仅可以拓展比较法的视野，而且有助于借鉴其中的有益资源。     

关于中国法律史研究的几点省思

近些年来 ,尽管学界对中国法律史研究有了长足的进步 ,但是 ,对于中国法律史研究的方法问题 ,依然缺乏必要的、自觉的省思。据此 ,本文从中国法律史研究的现状出发 ,对于中国法律史研究的方法问题进行一番检讨。文章共分四个部分 :首先 ,谈论方法的一个前提 ;其次 ,所谓历史的本来面目 ;再次 ,考证与解释 ;最后 ,史料与理论。     

The Hate Crime Canon and Beyond: A Critical Assessment

Although it remains an empirical question whether the U.S. is experiencing greater levels of hate-motivated-conduct than in the past, it is beyond dispute that the concept of ‘hate crime’ has been institutionalized in social, political, and legal discourse in the U.S. From the introduction and politicization of the term hate crime in the late 1970s to the continued enforcement of hate crime law at the beginning of the twenty-first century, social movements have constructed the problem of bias-motivated violence in particular ways, while politicians at both the federal and state level have made legislation that defines the parameters of hate crime. Accordingly, this article identifies and examines the parameters of a hate crime canon in the U.S., which can first and foremost be described as a body of law that 1) provides anew state policy action, by either creating anew criminal category, altering an existing law, or enhancing penalties for select extant crimes when they are committed for bias reasons; 2) contains an intent standard, which refers to the subjective intention of the perpetrator rather than relying solely on the basis of objective behavior; and 3) specifies a list of protected social statuses, such as race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, disabilities, etc. Arguing that these features constitute the core parameters of the hate crime canon and attendant discourse in the U.S., this article offers a critical assessment of the emergence, institutionalization, and arguable consequences of ‘hate crime’ as a recently developed social fact - in the Durkheimian sense of the word - that is consequential for the politics of victimization in the modern era and the social control of violence against minorities more particularly. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

汉语处置式探源

处置式的来源是汉语史研究领域一直争论不休的问题,从句式和语义两个方面讨论汉语处置式产生的理据,似可得出这样的观点：“将/把”成为表处置的介词是它们自身语法化的结果,而不是对旧有句式的替代;“将”字比“把”字早成为处置介词,处置式产生的语义基础是“将”字兼具移位和握持义素,句式基础是“将”字连运句的广泛运用,而“P O1 V O2”（O1=O2）则是最直接的句式源头。