The trust deficit in Sino-Japanese relations

Abstract

Recent years have seen a deterioration in political relations between China and Japan, in particular over the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu islands and history-related problems. Commentators have noted an attendant decline in trust between the two sides and have stressed the need for confidence-building measures in order to address the trust deficit. This article explores the origins of declining trust between the Chinese and Japanese leaderships. It argues that attempts to build a friendly and trusting relationship in the early post-war and post-normalisation periods began to fail in the 1980s, and have been in a gradual state of decline ever since. Using the concepts of trust and friendship, the article suggests that the lack of trust properties such as empathy, bonding, reliability and predictability have contributed to the deterioration of trust at both elite and popular levels.     

论情谊行为及其法律后果

情谊行为是指当事人为增进私人友谊或基于善良风俗实施的欠缺效果意思及其相应法律后果的双方行为。情谊行为引发的纠纷,近年来日益增多。但由于情谊行为制度理论研究的贫乏,最终导致类似行为的不同定性或不同裁判。应当运用综合因素判断法认定情谊行为,并明确情谊行为非契约上的法律后果及其侵权责任的减轻依据。     

戴震与江永交游考

作为清代学术史上一大公案，“戴震是否背师”长期以来为学界所争议。综合考察这个问题，可着重考证戴震与江永交游时间，戴震本人对师友的定义和江永对戴震的称呼，以及其他学者对江戴关系的论述。研究清代以来诸家主要观点及这一问题的新进展，比较符合历史事实的结论是：江永与戴震属于师友关系。这一结论对客观公正地评价戴震，以及对戴震思想的整体性研究都具有现实指导意义。     

Friends: The Role of Peer Influence Across Adolescent Risk Behaviors

This longitudinal project examined peer influence across five risk behaviors: cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, marijuana use, tobacco chewing, and sexual debut. A total of 1,969 adolescents aged 12–18 years completed two waves of data collection. Each respondent matched behavior data for at least one friend. Results found that a random same sex peer predicts a teen's risk behavior initiation; there is influence only to initiate cigarette and marijuana use; and that there is influence to initiate and stop alcohol and chewing tobacco use. This finding suggests that friends may protect adolescents from risk activities. The study has implications for understanding how peer influence, expressed as social norms, may be used in public health campaigns that target teen behavior.     

The Role of Moral Disengagement on Social Bullying in Dyadic Very Best Friendships

This study examined the self-regulatory process of moral disengagement in adolescent social bullying. Moral disengagement was assessed at the individual level, as well as within reciprocated very best friendships. At the dyadic level, this study investigated the role of friendship quality in moderating the influence of a very best friend’s moral disengagement on adolescents’ social bullying. The sample consisted of 710 mainly White students (306 males, 12–17 years). Results showed adolescents’ proneness to moral disengagement was associated with increased social bullying. Further, a very best friend’s moral disengagement was associated with higher social bullying for those who perceived positive qualities in their friendship. The findings highlight the importance of close friends in fostering adolescents’ social bullying.