中美日三角关系在亚太:理论检视与前景展望

要展望某一种三角关系,首先要弄清楚这一三角关系的构成要件是什么,然后根据这些要件一一检视.本文将沿着这一思路,对中美日三角关系及其未来进行探讨.     

论农民宪法权利平等保护目标——实质平等

农民宪法权利平等保护是尊重和保障人权的内在要求。农民宪法权利要受到与市民平等地对待和保护,这种平等应当不仅是形式上的而且是实质上的。农民宪法权利平等保护存在诸多的现实困境与认识误区,制约了农民宪法权利的真正实现。农民宪法权利平等保护目标应是建立在形式平等基础之上的实质平等。这一目标的提出具有正当性和现实性,也契合平等理论、人权理论及其普遍实践的趋势。农民宪法权利实质平等的保护目标及其路径选择是改变城乡二元结构,构建社会主义新农村,解决三农问题的实现之道。     

罪犯出监管理模式新探

中国出监监狱的建设起步于本世纪初,虽然已有十数年的历史,但仍然处于探索阶段。在当前行刑社会化的潮流之下,湖南“星城监狱”、浙江“乔司监狱”与四川“锦江监狱”等三所突出体现“开放式处遇”特征的专门化出监监狱赢得了广泛关注,然而遗憾的是,目前尚没有形成一种普适于全国范围内诸地区的通用模式。因此,立足于出监犯管理,依托上述三所出监监狱管理方式的成功经验,寻优逐劣、总结规律,对于创新出监犯管理制度并展望未来发展方向具有重大意义。     

人力资本股份化：现实中激励约束机制的次优选择

人力资本在公司中的作用和地位的提升使现代公司治理理论和实践面临着严峻的挑战。承认经理人的人力资本产权、人力资本股份化势在必行。现有的股票期权制度虽然对激励约束经理人行为有一定的作用 ,但它也不是完全承认了人力资本 ,所以仍存在着一定的缺陷性 ,需要对其进一步改革创新 ,使其真正成为承认人力资本产权、人力资本股份化的一种方式。     

College Women and Personal Goals: Cognitive Dimensions that Differentiate Risk-Reduction Sexual Decisions

As the twenty-first century begins, a high level of participation in premarital sexual intercourse by college women is well-documented. But, in the research exploring risk-reduction sexual behaviors, the relationship of cognitive abilities to responsible sexual behavior has been under-researched. Anonymous questionnaires were administered to 626 never-married, heterosexual women at a midwestern university to examine personal goal-setting, a cognitive variable postulated to be related to risk-reduction sexual behavior. Women who frequently set goals were more religious, optimistic about life, conservative in sexual attitudes, comfortable with their sexuality, and more psychologically sexually satisfied. Those who less often set goals were more likely to drink alcohol prior to sexual intercourse, become more intoxicated, and less likely to ask if new sex partners had STI(s). The cognitive variable, goal-setting, did differentiate college women who made responsible sexual decisions from those who engaged in risk-taking sexual behaviors.Professor Emerita of Family and Consumer Science, Texas State University-San Marcos. Received her PhD from the University of Texas, Austin in Child Development and Family Relations and is a Certified Marriage and Family Therapist, American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists and licensed in the State of Texas. Her research interests include sexual attitudes and behavior of college students, adoption attitudes of unmarried pregnant teens, and teen pregnancy/parenting programs.University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Received his PhD from the University of Florida in Family Sociology and is a Clinical Fellow, American Academy of Clinical Sexologists and Fellow, National Council on Family Relations. His research interests include sexual attitudes and behavior of college students, adoption attitudes of unmarried pregnant teens, female sexual adjustment, and perceptions of the female physiological sexual response.     

Do Academic and Social Goals Predict Planned Alcohol Use Among College-Bound High School Graduates?

Actively pursuing important goals predicts positive affect and well-being (Emmons, 1986, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51: 1058–1068; Emmons and King, 1988, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54: 1040–1048; Salmela-Aro and Nurmi, 1997, J. Adult Dev. 4: 179–188). College-bound high school graduates (n=943) completed the ULTRA Orientation Survey prior to college. Planned alcohol use differed by gender, fraternity/sorority participation, and Honors membership. Students who appraised academic goals as more important and less difficult/stressful planned to consume less alcohol in their 1st year of college. Greater importance and lower difficulty/stressfulness of social goals predicted more planned drinking. Relationships of personal goals with drinking remained after controlling for group differences, and academic and social goal importance predicted plans to drink after controlling for alcohol use during high school senior year. The discussion focuses on the impact of goal appraisals on risk behavior, niche selection during the transition to college, and implications for the prevention of heavy drinking.

环境管制目标与管制手段分析

环境管制目标具有双重性。影响该目标实现的因素有信息的完备程度与管制制度的完善及管制机构的健全。我国目前环境管制的主要手段是排污收费制度,这一制度对于环境管制目标偏离程度较大,对效率损害较严重。为此应从改革现行的排污收费制度,加强管制制度、管制机构的建设以及建立信息披露机制入手,来改进我国环境管制工作,以实现可持续发展目标。     

北京市女性老年人口的现状及未来发展趋势分析

在人口老龄化过程中,男女两性寿命差距不断扩大,老年人口中女性老人所占比例不断提高。由于女性在社会发展中受到了不公平的待遇,在晚年阶段形成的女性老年人问题将更加严重。本文利用2000年第五次人口普查0.95%的原始数据对北京市老年女性的现状进行了分析描述,结果表明,北京市女性老年人的教育程度、在业率低于男性老人,而丧偶率、经济依赖性则较男性老人高。最后对北京市女性老年人口的未来发展趋势进行了预测,提出在就学、就业、社会保障等方面保护老年女性实现晚年的平等权益。     

我国未来警务模式的选择

一个国家的社会治安是与该国现阶段社会结构的平稳和稳定程度相适应的。警务模式也要随着社会的发展、治安状况的变化而作出相应的调整。西方从1892年建立新警察体系以来,经历了四次警务改革,相继以制服化、专业化、现代化和社会化的警务理念,改变着警察行为。与这四次警务改革相对应,西方警务模式先后出现了"政治警务模式","合法警务模式","专业警务模式","反应式警务模式","服务与权变的警务模式"五个演变时期。随着社会的发展,我国未来的警务模式也不应是单一的,而应是具有中国特色的集合性警务模式体系。     

习近平外交思想与中国外交哲学的新境界

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是21世纪的马克思主义。习近平外交思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分,集中反映了当代中国化马克思主义在外交和国际关系领域的最新思想理论成果。习近平外交思想在价值取向上彰显鲜明中国特色,即旗帜鲜明地坚守中国共产党领导中国人民走中国特色社会主义道路与追求共产主义远大理想的初心,推动构建人类命运共同体,积极为人类现代化事业贡献中国智慧和中国方案。使坚持中国特色社会主义的初心与倡导涵盖资本主义国家的人类共同体意识形成理论自洽,是中国共产党人运用马克思"两个必然"思想与"两个决不会"思想,对当代世界与中国发展大势进行深刻洞察得出的重要理论结晶,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和习近平外交思想从历史哲学高度对21世纪马克思主义做出的重大理论贡献,体现出深刻的理论思辨与理论创新精神。习近平外交思想富于鲜活的时代精神,集中体现在高扬和平与发展的时代主旋律、敏锐洞察百年未有之大变局的历史脉动、以新型全球化理念积极引导全球治理等方面。习近平外交思想使中国外交在理论和实践上得到升华,开辟了中国外交哲学的新境界,是新时代中国特色大国外交的强大思想武器与行动指南。