新形势 新判断 新战略——解读党的十八大报告外交战略部分

在党的十八大上,在题为"继续促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业"的外交部分,党中央对当前的国际形势和中国外交策略进行了精辟有力的论述,准确分析了中国所处的国际形势,精确判断出中国的身份和责任,制定了中国新时期的外交战略。在报告中,中国共产党还根据国际国内形势的变化,提出了多个新亮点、新观念和新思路。     

FRIENDS WITH MY FUTURE SELF: LONGITUDINAL VIVIDNESS INTERVENTION REDUCES DELINQUENCY

In a field experiment, we use a novel method to test whether instilling a greater sense of vividness of the future self motivates people to act in a more future‐oriented way and reduces their delinquent involvement. We manipulate vividness of the future self by having participants, a sample of high‐school youth (N = 133), “befriend” an avatar representing their future self on a social network website. For 7 days, they reply to short messages from their future self designed to trigger thinking about that distant self. Using repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), we find that participants who had been linked to their future self report less delinquent involvement, whereas controls did not. Furthermore, the results of a nonparametric bootstrapping procedure show that this effect is mediated by changes in vividness of the future self, such that increases in vividness lead to lower self‐reported delinquency. We conclude that vividness of the future self holds promise not only as a cognitive explanation for the failure to make informed cost–benefit trade‐offs but also for interventions aiming to reduce delinquency.     

The future of political campaigning: the American example

The Internet will provide a way to force direct democracy to the fore, replacing many of the prerogatives now reserved for representative democracy. This is especially true in Europe where the continental integration of the economy has not been matched by integrated political democracy. Lobbying in the UK will become less relevant as the EU comes to predominate. Lobbying in the future will have to be directed downward — to mobilise the public — rather than upward, attempting to influence the Parliament. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.     

我国戒毒工作所需理论戒断费用分析

戒毒必然涉及经费问题。根据理论上必须收治的强制戒毒人次和略低于湖南目前收费核计标准 3 0 0 0元的不变标准计算 ,未来 10年全国平均每年强制戒毒所需经费 2 9 3 1亿元。解决这一巨额经费问题 ,只能是继续坚持戒毒费用由戒毒者个人及家属支付 ,问题是戒毒费用全由戒毒者个人及家属支付 ,虽减轻了国家负担 ,但亦带来了弊病种种。故建议参照劳教人员拨付办法适当地划拨人头经费。若按 2 0 0元 /人次·3月拨付 ,则 2 0 0 0年需划拨经费 0 5个亿 ,而未来 10年理论上年均费用 2个多亿     

Dispersal Powers and the Symbolic Role of Anti-Social Behaviour Legislation

This article considers the development and use of dispersal powers, introduced by the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003, and situates these within the context of wider legislation and policy initiatives. It explores the ways in which the powers have been interpreted by the courts and implemented by police and local authorities. The article critically analyses the manner in which the powers: introduce 'public perceptions' as a justification for police encroachments on civil liberties; conform to a hybrid-type prohibition; constitute a form of preventive exclusion that seeks to govern future behaviour; are part of a wider trend towards discretionary and summary justice; and potentially criminalise young people on the basis of the anxieties that groups congregating in public places may generate amongst others. It is argued that the significance of dispersal orders derives as much from the symbolic messages and communicative properties they express, as from their instrumental capacity to regulate behaviour.     

Freedom and Futures: Personal Priorities, Institutional Demands and Freedom of Religion

How should one define the legitimate reach of individuals' institutional obligations in the light of their right to freedom of religion? The most divisive settings for this question involve exclusions from certain jobs and schools. At the same time, some fundamental issues of ethics and law lie in the background. One of the most central concerns choice. On one approach, if there are other sources of work or education that do not make the same demands on the objector then she should choose between conforming and taking up that alternative. On another approach, even if there are such alternatives, people should not be confronted with such a dilemma: they should be entitled to stay in their preferred institution, which must make its best effort to accommodate them. The conflict between these two views arises from underlying differences concerning the nature of free choice itself; about the obligations borne by institutions in civil society; and about basic rights. The connections between these notions are investigated, and a way through the disagreement is suggested.     

论法的未来

法在未来社会究竟是走向消亡还是继续存在 ,人们对此有不同看法。本文简明地回顾和梳理了西方历史上与中国古代思想家对法的未来的不同构想 ,并对中国法理学界关于法的未来的观念做出了评价。     

The Past as Prologue: An Economist''s Tentative Prognosis for the New Millennium

The past millennium witnessed three intellectual revolutions, namely, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment. A fourth such revolution, the High Tech or Information Revolution, started after the end of World War II, and is still evolving. The computerization of all sciences has now bridged the former Great Divide between the natural and social sciences. Today, it is widely believed that the 21st century will be the century of biology, and that social scientists will soon base their analytical work in the physical realities of human biology and psychology.     

中印边境自卫反击战我军政治工作经验及启示

在中印边境自卫反击战中,我军政治工作发挥了重要作用,针对当时复杂的国际环境、作战背景与战争残酷性等不利条件,我军政治工作适时采取相应对策,形成了边境自卫反击作战政治工作新特点.为打赢未来高技术条件下的边境反侵略战争,我们应借鉴中印边境反击作战政治工作经验,把政治工作全局性和时效性与快反能力相结合,把政治工作顽强性与对抗性相结合,注重对敌特、民族分裂分子的打击力度,加强政治工作方法与手段的硬件建设.     

联合国全民教育和教育可持续发展目标视角下拉美教育性别平等

由于贫困、社会偏见和传统教育体制的局限性,拉美教育存在较为严重的性别不平等,未达到联合国“2000—2015年全民教育”性别均等和平等目标的要求,主要表现为中学阶段男性失学现象严重,女性面临学习环境不包容、学业中存在障碍和就业竞争力弱等问题。要解决这些问题,需要运用新的思路打开局面。联合国“2015—2030年教育可持续发展目标”的17项具体目标均提及性别平等。该目标强调包容公平和终身学习两个要点,把全民教育关于教育普及和机会均等的各个分散目标整合到上述两个主题之下,这为解决拉美教育性别不平等问题提供了一个综合的解决思路和行为框架。按照该目标的思路,拉美国家应继续实施有条件现金转移支付等公共政策,促进教育机会公平,减少男性失学现象;应努力消除校园暴力和性别歧视,实现优质包容的教育;应重视职业技术教育,为所有男性和女性在学习和工作多个阶段提供灵活的、个性化的、以就业为导向的职业教育,帮助其实现终身学习和可持续发展,促进教育质量的性别平等。