关于法律语言规范化标准的思考

建立法律语言语料库,把子库分为规范语言、不规范语言和待观察商榷语言。判定法律语言规范与否,综合考虑语言的运用和法律的专业特点两个方面,以确保法律语言既符合语言使用规则,又能表达明确严谨的法律意义。     

欧洲法律下的提单管辖权条款

本文通过对荷兰法律及有关管辖权和民商事判决执行方面的两个主要公约 (EEX公约和 L ugano公约 )的介绍 ,结合大量的案例和欧共体法院对公约的解释 ,论述了欧洲法律下一个有效的标准格式中的管辖权条款所包含的条件及公约和各国国内法对当事人自由订立的标准格式中的管辖权条款的限制。     

论国家行政侵权赔偿的额度

行政赔偿的标准直接影响行政赔偿的额度 ,而额度的高低决定了对受害人的救济程度。我国在国家行政侵权赔偿中采用的低标准 ,致使在侵犯人身自由权、侵犯生命健康权、侵犯财产权的赔偿额度方面均有不妥当和不公平之处。因此 ,只有改变赔偿标准、提高赔偿额度 ,才能使受害者得到应有的法律救济     

Traceability and foreign corporate accountability in mineral supply chains

Industrialized economies in the EU depend heavily on imports of minerals. The extraction and parts of the transport and processing of these minerals take place in the Global South and often bear high human rights and environmental risks. A lack of traceability in mineral supply chains makes it particularly difficult to hold companies accountable for negative environmental and social impacts of their operations and those of their suppliers. This paper analyses three mineral supply chains (copper, platinum, and gold) in order to develop propositions about how supply chain-specific characteristics affect traceability and foreign corporate accountability (FCA) in mineral supply chains. The analytical framework focuses on three dimensions: geopolitical dynamics, industry characteristics, and private governance mechanisms. The authors argue that chain-specific characteristics may foster or thwart traceability and FCA in mineral supply chains and thus provides a novel contribution to the debate on traceability and accountability in mineral supply chains.     

技术标准化下专利许可制度私法基础的困境及其超越

技术标准化下,专利权极有可能借助标准的力量得以扩张,专利许可的交易样态和力量对比发生了重大变化,传统专利许可制度的私法基础由于回应上的迟滞,出现了适应性困境,并使得建构其上的专利许可制度在技术标准化环境下平衡专利许可交易各方利益方面的制度功能绩效受到极大的抑制甚至是丧失。为回应技术标准化环境的新要求,重塑和升级现有专利许可制度,首当其冲的任务就是在检视传统专利许可私法基础的前提下,从具体人格、利益平衡以及契约自由限制等方面对其作出新的适应性阐释,以为技术标准化下专利许可制度的完善肃清理论的障碍。     

论价值评价及其标准

价值评价是价值哲学的重要内容.价值评价作为一种特殊的认识活动,是评价主体将客体的属性纳入自己的头脑并运用主体的目的、需要和本质力量加以分析和改造的活动.它与一般的认知活动在对象、规则和目的上都存在着本质的差异.价值评价由于有主体的创造性、知识、情感和意志的参与,故其具有明显的主体性特征,同时,它也受着价值事实、主体需要和社会实践等客观性因素的制约.在价值评价过程中,评价的标准是合目的性和合规律性的有机结合,这两者统一的基础是实践,实践是价值评价的最高标准.     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

关于完善我国刑事证明标准体系的若干思考

我国刑事诉讼法关于证明标准的规定仍欠完善 ,传统的证明标准理论也存在诸多不足。论文从诉讼规律出发 ,结合各国相关的法律规定 ,探讨了我国刑事证明标准体系的完善问题。作者否定了“客观真实”说 ,对“诉讼真实”、“法律真实”说进行了论证。对有罪判决的证明标准 ,作者提出了两条思路 ,一是沿袭“犯罪事实清楚、证据确实充分”的既有表述 ,二是改采“排除合理怀疑”的全新表述。论文还对其他刑事证明标准的再造进行了研讨。     

用新安全观的视角看加强国际警务合作的必要

冷战后,中国提出以“互信、互利、平等、协作”为核心的新安全观,努力营造长期稳定、安全可靠的国际安全环境。新安全观需要新思维。在以合作求安全、以协商求安全,建立新的安全机制维护安全和坚持反霸反恐并重的思维。新安全观强调重视非传统安全威胁的因素,而国际警务合作是对付恐怖主义和跨国犯罪的有力武器之一,因此,应该用新安全观的视角来看加强国际警务合作的必要。     

私主体权利本位论——民法论坛一新说

民法本位是民法的中心任务和价值标准。近、现代民法本位未变,即都是私主体权利本位,只是现代民法带些社会化倾向。近、现代民法及中国现今民法当以私主体权利为本位。申明民法私主体权利本位,并非不顾及有些情况下的社会化倾向,只不过这些“顾及”是为次的,不为本位的,这是由民法的私法性视角所决定的。唯有如此,民法作为私法的主干才可与社会法、公法之社会、国家本位性视角相制约、相抗衡,达成整个法律体系的和谐平衡。