吸毒成瘾认定标准的基本架构——兼评《吸毒成瘾认定办法》

吸毒成瘾的标准,国际医学界持"病态说"的观点,但在中国适用的标准有着不凡的历程。公复[1998]3号文对吸毒成瘾采用"行为说"标准,规定只要有证据证明有吸毒行为就可认定为吸毒成瘾。随着"采取各种措施帮助吸毒人员戒除毒瘾,教育和挽救吸毒人员"的戒毒方针在《禁毒法》中的确立,《吸毒成瘾认定办法》也从医学角度对吸毒成瘾进行了重新审视,采纳了吸毒成瘾"病态说"的观点。     

青少年网络成瘾问题的家庭干预与社会工作介入——家庭功能理论视角

家庭在问题判定时过于表面化、片面化,问题处理办法的实施是一个由内而外的被迫延伸过程。家庭内部成员需要沟通,而沟通更离不开情感表达,而网瘾青少年家庭内部沟通不良主要表现在亲子沟通的单向性,情感表达的单向性,缺乏平等对话的民主机制,缺乏一种完善的沟通过程;家庭功能各个维度的不良表现使得孩子网瘾问题不能得到顺利解决。因此,社工介入网瘾青少年家庭要做的工作是帮助他们打破这个循环,让问题不至于周而复始地继续下去。将网瘾青少年家庭化分为整,化整为分,在统筹全局的基础上,有效解决青少年网瘾问题。     

大学生沉溺网络现象分析

网络沉溺现象有着复杂的因果关系,从发展心理学角度分析,包括角色同一性认知缺失、亲密感建立不完善、自我意识发展中的个人辩证分析失衡和人生价值观不成熟等众多因素。从发展的角度分析,大学生网络沉溺现象的发生不是单一大学阶段教育的问题,而是大学生在个体发展中长期存在不可调和矛盾的集中爆发,因此,要减少或避免大学生沉溺网络,从未进大学抓起。     

高效液相色谱法测定海洛因含量的不确定度评定

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定海洛因含量的不确定度评定的方法。方法结合海洛因含量测定的全部过程,假设传播系数为1,对产生不确定度的各分量因子进行分析计算与合成。结果不确定度的来源主要包含样品检测时产生的误差值、检测仪器的精密度、天平和使用的容量器皿等的不确定度。结论本评定方法得出检测的误差来自于两个平行样品检测时产生的误差值。     

汽油中的毒品还原分析

目的建立汽油中海洛因的检验方法及还原方法。方法利用无水乙醇挥发汽油混合物中的汽油,通过TLC、IR、GC、GC/MS对汽油混合物中溶剂和毒品成份进行了定性定量分析。结果利用该方法对涉案检材成功进行了毒品还原及检验分析。结论该方法适合于此类案件检验。     

The criminality of female narcotics addicts: A causal modeling approach

A longitudinal model was developed relating early deviance, narcotics use, and three types of income-generating crime (property crime, drug dealing, and prostitution) among female narcotics addicts during the first 2 years of the addiction career. The model was tested by a confirmatory structural equation analysis. Early deviance predicted subsequent property crime involvement. Stability across time was demonstrated for narcotics use, property crime, and drug dealing. Strong contemporaneous relationships among these constructs were found. These findings partially replicate patterns found in previous studies for male addicts. In contrast to male addicts, a positive, instead of negative, contemporaneous relationship was found between property crime and drug dealing activities. Between constructs, cross-lag effects were generally small and only that between property crime and later narcotics use was significant. Finally, prostitution was failed to be incorporated in the model. Further research is needed to elucidate the diverse economic support systems among women which may affect the drug-crime relationship.     

海洛因地理来源研究进展

对海洛因地理来源的判断一直是世界各国较为关注的问题。本文主要从技术角度出发,结合作者与美国缉毒署(DEA)特殊样品检测和研究实验室(STRL)进行技术交流的情况,对最近30年世界各国对海洛因来源判断研究的分析方法和数据处理方法进行了综述和探讨。     

Modeling the longitudinal impact of legal sanctions on narcotics use and property crime

Structural equation models are used to confirm the suppressive effects of legal sanctions, e.g., probation and parole, on narcotics use and property crime. Both concurrent and longitudinal effects of legal sanctions are tested within two different models, which together span the entire addiction career. The findings indicate that (1) the suppressive effects of legal sanctions are evident only when legal sanctions are operationalized as parole or probation officer contact where urine monitoring is utilized; (2) only concurrent suppressive effects are statistically significant, and longitudinal suppressive effects are not; (3) both narcotics use and property crime are suppressed by legal sanctions, although the latter is less responsive than the former to intervention by the criminal justice system; and (4) suppressive effects tend to be more pronounced later in the addiction career. The significance of the findings and the implications for criminological theory related to issues regarding surveillance effects are emphasized.     

二醋吗啡对大鼠心肌细胞游离Ca^2＋浓度的作用

目的观察二醋吗啡对心肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度的作用。方法取自1～3d的SD大鼠培养的心肌细胞,用荧光探针Fluo-3/AM负载心肌细胞,不同浓度及不同剂量的二醋吗啡作用心肌细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜下检测Ca2 的变化。结果不同剂量及浓度的二醋吗啡对心肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度有不同作用,一定浓度的二醋吗啡使心肌细胞内游离Ca2 浓度呈剂量依赖性的升高、短时间内心肌细胞[Ca2 ]i荧光强度增强,并产生[Ca2 ]i峰。结论探索出二醋吗啡导致心肌细胞内Ca2 变化的有效浓度,为进一步深入研究打下了基础。