海洛因对大鼠海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质DLG4的影响

目的检测不同时程海洛因依赖大鼠海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质discs大同源物4(discs large homolog 4,DLG4)的蛋白表达,探讨海洛因依赖对突触后致密结构的影响。方法采用腹腔内递增注射海洛因的方法,建立海洛因依赖的大鼠模型,用免疫组织化学法检测海洛因依赖9、18和36 d大鼠海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质DLG4蛋白的表达,并与对照组进行比较。结果随海洛因依赖时间的延长,海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质DLG4蛋白的表达逐渐降低。结论海洛因依赖可影响海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质突触后致密结构,并随依赖时间的延长,影响更加明显。     

从心理学角度谈青少年网络成瘾的因素——运用马斯洛需要层次理论分析

青少年网络成瘾已经成为社会普遍关注的一个问题,它严重影响了青少年心理,生理的成长。导致青少年网络成瘾的因素有很多,包括主观和客观方面的原因,从马斯洛需要层次理论分析来看,青少年网络成瘾的心理机制是青少年的交往需要、尊重需要无法得到满足。     

网络与青少年犯罪心理研究

随着网络逐渐成为我国青少年的生活、学习、娱乐以及交往的重要工具,网络对我国青少年成长的影响程度也正日益加深。通过问卷调查,网络对青少年犯罪心理的影响主要集中在:网络暴力、网络色情、网络成瘾以及不良网友等四个方面。由于网络不良活动对一部分青少年走上犯罪道路确实存在影响,这就要求家庭、学校和社会各方面重视网络对青少年成长的负面影响,并采取相应的有效措施,在指导好青少年正确使用网络这一工具的同时,努力为我国青少年的成长创造一个良性的网络环境。     

酶水解后同时分析海洛因、吗啡、可待因

本文以家兔为模型，用酶水解、丙酸酐衍生化处理吸毒后的尿样，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ同时分析海洛因、吗啡、可待因。     

关系的疏离与融合：网络对青少年犯罪的影响探析

网络对青少年犯罪有着重要的影响。不合理地使用网络会造成青少年与社会的联系弱化。按照赫希的“社会控制理论”，这会导致青少年犯罪的增加。与网络的紧密联系会造成青少年与现实社会联系的弱化，突出表现在依恋、奉献、卷入和信念四个方面。不过只要我们对青少年上网行为进行适当的控制和引导，就会使其发挥增强社会联系，预防青少年犯罪的功能。     

THE ROAD FROM ADDICTION RECOVERY TO PRODUCTIVITY: ENDING DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PEOPLE WITH ALCOHOL AND DRUG PROBLEMS

People with alcohol or other drug problems face discriminatory public and private policies that restrict their access to appropriate health care, employment, and public benefits, discouraging them from seeking treatment, robbing them of hope for recovery, and costing society millions of dollars. Join Together, a project of Boston University School of Public Health, formed a national policy panel in the spring of 2002 to address this discrimination. The panelists developed the two principles and ten recommendations contained in this report, relying principally upon the written and oral testimony they received. Join Together was assisted in this effort by the American Bar Association's (ABA) Standing Committee on Substance Abuse, which facilitated the panel's initial hearing at the ABA's Annual Meeting in August 2002.     

纺织物浸渍海洛因定量提取方法的研究

目的建立浸渍在纺织物品中的海洛因定量提取方法。方法浸渍在纺织物品中的海洛因,以5％乙酸提取2次～3次。提取液加入15％结晶乙酸钠,以碳酸钠调pH9,沉淀减压过滤,干燥后称量。结果所得样品含量与原来的接近,提取率达95％。结论该方法简单快捷、易于操作且不损坏载体。     

海洛因毒品中残留有机溶剂的检测方法与结果分析

目的建立固体海洛因毒品中残留有机溶剂的顶空-气相色谱和顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法。方法采用干法和湿法处理42份样品,密封后90℃加热振荡20min,抽取顶空气体用气相色谱法（DB-WAX毛细柱,30m×0.25mm,0.25μm）和气相色谱-质谱联用法（HP-5MS毛细柱,30m×0.25mm,0.25μm）检测,以已知17种有机溶剂外标法定性。在样品中加水后检测,根据峰高估算5种共有成分的含量。结果在42份海洛因毒品中检出乙酸、乙醚、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醛、三氯甲烷等12种有机溶剂成分,5种主要共有成分相对含量有差别。结论本研究建立的检测方法快速、简便,定性可靠,可用于固体海洛因毒品的来源与批次分析。     

Is There a Relationship Between Street Heroin Purity and Drug‐Related Emergencies and/or Drug‐Related Deaths? An Analysis from Vienna,Austria*

This study examines the quality of street heroin seized in Vienna in 1999 and whether there was a relationship between the purity of street heroin and the number of heroin-related emergencies as well as the number of heroin-related deaths. Street heroin confiscated by the Viennese police, run-sheets of drug-related emergencies, and postmortem reports of drug-related deaths in Vienna in 1999 were analyzed. A total of 415 retail samples with a total weight of 128.02 g contained a median percentage of 6.5% diacetylmorphine (range: 0.0-47.0%). All the samples contained a diluent, mainly lactose, as well as adulterants, such as caffeine and/or paracetamol. During the study period, 75 heroin-related deaths and 387 heroin-related emergencies were registered in Vienna. Time-series analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between the rate of heroin-related incidents and the diacetylmorphine concentration of street heroin samples confiscated in Vienna in 1999. The widely held belief that the number of heroin-related deaths could be explained simply through fluctuations in the purity of street heroin could not be substantiated, even though the results of this study do not rule out an association between the purity of heroin and heroin-related deaths/emergencies.     

Preliminary investigations into tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium III as a chemiluminescent reagent for the detection of 3,6-diacetylmorphine (heroin) on surfaces

The use of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (III) as a chemiluminescent spray reagent spot-test for heroin is discussed. Two forms of the reagent are investigated an aqueous and an anhydrous where both were found to give vastly different results. The aqueous reagent giving slow, low intensity chemiluminescence whilst the anhydrous reagent gave a fast, bright response in the presence of 3,6-diacetylmorphine. The anhydrous reagent is less sensitive the slow, intensity response is characteristic of only two opiates tested 3,6-diacetylmorphine and 3-monoacetylmorphine.