海洛因、咖啡因的FTIR检验及谱图解释

目的提高用红外光谱法鉴定海洛因、咖啡因纯品、混合物伪品的水平。方法用红外光谱法有针对性地选择特征峰 ,探明海洛因、咖啡因红外光谱与结构的关系。结果获得海洛因、咖啡因的特征峰。结论该方法克服了鉴定中的盲目性。     

唾液与血液中海洛因代谢物的检测时限

目的比较唾液与血液中海洛因代谢物吗啡和O6-单乙酰吗啡的检测时限,为实际检测时选择样本采集时间提供依据。方法将实验大耳白兔分为3组,通过耳缘静脉注射浓度为2.6mg/m L的海洛因溶液,给药量分别为0.5m L,1m L,2m L。给药后于0.5~48h期间采集静脉血液;给药后于3~48h采唾液。采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法,分别检测各时间点,各组不同种类样本中的海洛因代谢产物吗啡和O6-单乙酰吗啡。结果 1O6-单乙酰吗啡在血液中的检测时间为6h(给药量2.6mg和5.2mg)和1.5 h(给药量1.3mg),9h后已检测不到;而唾液样本在24h时虽下降明显,但3种给药剂量下均仍可检出,至48h时均不能检出;2吗啡在血液和唾液中不能检出的时间分别为24h和48h。结论血液中O6-单乙酰吗啡和吗啡的检测时限随用药量的增加而延长,而在唾液的检测时限均明显比在血液中更长久。该结果可作为实际检测时根据样本种类和选择采集时间的依据。     

女大学生基本心理需求满足与手机成瘾的关系:错失焦虑的中介作用及社会支持的调节作用

为探讨错失焦虑在女大学生基本心理需求满足与手机成瘾之间的中介作用以及社会支持的调节作用,采用基本心理需求满足量表、错失焦虑量表、大学生手机成瘾倾向量表、领悟社会支持量表对956名女大学生进行了调查.调查结果发现:基本心理需求满足与错失焦虑、手机成瘾均呈负相关(r=-0.29,-0.44),基本心理需求满足与朋友支持、家...     

FROM ADDICTION TO ABSTINENCE: MAXIMIZING THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS

While advances in neuroscience have clearly delineated the areas of the brain that are affected by mood-altering drugs, the success rate of treatment for people dependent upon or addicted to these drugs remains essentially unchanged over the last several decades. This is due in large part to paying inadequate attention to the craving that occurs after discontinuing a mood-altering drug that produces physical dependency. This article will review the changes that occur when one becomes physically dependent on a mood-altering drug and the process to follow in order to maximize the chances of success in maintaining abstinence when drug use has been discontinued.     

尿样中海洛因代谢物的测定及海洛因滥用的确认

用ＳＰＥ－ＧＣ－ＮＰＤ法建立了尿样中吗啡、６－单乙酰吗啡及可待因的定性分析方法,适用于海洛因滥用者的尿样分析。尿样中吗啡及可待因的最小检测限均为５０ｎｇ／ｍｌ。方法的相对标准偏差分别为：吗啡１１．３％（ｎ＝５）,可待因１４．２％（ｎ＝５）。方法简便、灵敏、快速,１５ｍｉｎ可完成一例尿样的分析。研究了服用含可待因成分的复方甘草合剂后,尿样中的吗啡及可待因的峰面积比为０．４５７±０．１９７（Ｐ＝９９％）;统计了４０例明确滥用海洛因尿液的分析结果,吗啡与可待因的峰面积比为３．４６±０．８９４,Ｐ＝９９％。可作为判断海洛因滥用的依据。同时与免疫板法比较,附５５例免疫板法阳性尿样的分析结果     

Does Price Really Matter? The Relationship between Heroin Price and Purity in Australia and the Ramifications for International Drug Enforcement

This study determines the relationship between the black market price for heroin and its corresponding purity in Australia for the period from July 1996 to June 2003 (seven years). The study used regression and correlation analyses to test the relationship between the two variables. If a negative relationship was found, then it would suggest that law enforcement operations were effective. However, the study determined that there was a near-zero correlation (r = 0.02) at commercial level (i.e. weights of one ounce) but a moderate relationship (r = 0.37) at user level (i.e. weights of 1 g). From this it was concluded that Australian law enforcement operations targeting commercial quantities were neither effective nor ineffective; but operations targeting street-level users were noticeably ineffective. To improve success at both levels, the study put forward the proposition that more aggressive enforcement operations in front of the international Customs barrier may be needed.     

Chlorinated Opium Alkaloid Derivatives Produced by the Use of Aqueous Sodium Hypochlorite During the Clandestine Manufacture of Heroin

Abstract:  A clandestine chemist was observed producing heroin from crude morphine utilizing a solution of sodium hypochlorite during the process. Numerous chlorinated opium alkaloid derivatives were created when the morphine acetylation reaction was quenched and neutralized with a solution of sodium hypochlorite and ammonium hydroxide. Four of these compounds, 1-chloroheroin, 1-chloroacetylcodeine, 1-chloro-O⁶-monoacetylmorphine, and 2'-chloropapaverine, were characterized via preparative isolation, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and independent synthesis. These chlorinated derivatives were formed via electrophilic aromatic substitution with free chlorine during the illicit process. Although no illicit heroin exhibits containing these compounds have been observed in seizures to date, mass spectral data are provided for several of these compounds for their identification should they be seen within future seizures of illicit heroin.     

头发中检验海洛因代谢物应用于吸毒时间的推断

运用气／质联用-选择离子（GC／MS－SIM）技术对吸食或注射海洛因嫌疑人的头发进行分段分析，根据各段头发中是否检出6-单乙酰吗啡和吗啡，并结合头发的生长速度对吸毒时间作出大致推断。该方法专一性较好，检出下限0．5ng／mg，能够推断出剪取吸毒嫌疑人头发前几个月或某一个时期内是否经常性服用海洛因。