Analysis of carbohydrates in seized heroin using capillary electrophoresis

Illicitly produced heroin is commonly cut with carbohydrates to increase bulk. The analysis of these solutes is important for legal and intelligence purposes. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the qualitative analysis of dextrose, lactose, sucrose, inositol, and mannitol in heroin exhibits. For this method, a 64 cm (55.5 cm to detector window) by 50 mum capillary was used with the Agilent Basic Anion Buffer modified to pH 12.1. This separation was performed at 25 degrees C with a voltage of 20 kV and indirect detection with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as the visualization reagent. The methodology is also applicable for the screening of inorganic and organic anions using indirect detection, and acidic adulterants using direct detection. For a run time of 13 min, the relative standard deviation (n = 6) of the methodology was better than 0.36% for migration times and less than 2.6% for corrected peak areas. For the analysis of carbohydrates and acidic adulterants in seized heroin, excellent agreement was obtained between CE and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.     

气相色谱法测定海洛因含量的测量不确定度评定

目的探讨气相色谱法测定海洛因含量的测量不确定度评定。方法从测定程序分析不确定度来源,并计算各不确定度分量及合成不确定度,得出总不确定度。结果重复性测定不确定度分量最大,气相色谱仪误差次之,而玻璃容量器具天平及对照品所引起的不确定度分量对总不确定度的影响可忽略不计。结论气相色谱法测定海洛因含量的测量不确定度主要来源于重复性测定的误差及气相色谱仪的误差。     

生物检材中海洛因代谢物分析现状

海洛因在体内极易代谢,其主要的代谢产物为单乙酰吗啡、吗啡等。目前,检测海洛因代谢物的常用生物检材有尿液、血液、毛发等;常用分析方法有薄层色谱法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、免疫分析法、毛细管电泳法等。本文参考近年来的文献对生物检材中海洛因代谢物的分析方法作一综述,为法医毒物分析等相关领域的研究提供参考。     

论对吸毒人员的保护性隔离--兼论我国毒品犯罪的源头遏制

禁毒问题事关民族兴衰,针对毒瘾无法戒断、吸毒危害严重,笔者运用市场犯罪理论,评析了我国的禁毒措施,指出禁吸失败是毒情日趋严峻的主要原因,提出了保护性隔离吸毒人员的禁毒方法,并分析了其必要性和可行性.     

Importance and Approach to Manner of Death Opinions in Opioid-Related Deaths

The majority of opioid-related deaths are accidental. However, the number of opioid-related suicidal deaths is likely under recognized. Presented here is a case of suicide by heroin overdose. The manner of death would have likely been deemed accidental if not for critical information shared by the decedent’s family during follow-up telephone interviews between the forensic pathologist and the decedent’s family, which included text messages that were sent by the decedent just before his death that were not known at the time of the initial medicolegal death scene investigation. This case highlights that when a forensic pathologist establishes an engaged relationship with the decedent’s family, the information elucidated can prove to be invaluable in reaching an informed opinion about the manner of death. For overdose cases, identifying an accurate manner of death allows the design of public health efforts that adequately address the health risks in the community. For aid in the determination of the manner of death for overdose cases, we propose a five-step checklist that may assist forensic pathologists and medicolegal death investigators when approaching similar cases.     

高校大学生网瘾的形成原因及戒除对策

急剧变动的社会环境、家庭不良的教育方式、学校特有的管理体制,是高校大学生网络成瘾的外在条件,个人的人格特质、心理特点和认知模式则是大学生网络成瘾的内在原因。加强思想政治教育,改进教育管理制度,完善心理援助机制,丰富人文关怀内涵,预防和解除高校大学生网络成瘾,促进学生人格发展和身心和谐。     

青少年网络成瘾的心理分析及防治

青少年网络成瘾已成为一个严重的社会问题.网络成瘾的原因主要有网络本身的特点、学校教育的缺失、家庭教育的不当、青少年自身的人格缺陷等,应采取优化网络环境、改革学校教育、提高家长素质、增强青少年自我心理调适能力、建立专业咨询机构等防治措施.     

“脱瘾工作”可持续发展浅议——以上海市阳光社区青少年事务中心“创E工坊”等为例

青少年事务社工提供的个性化、专业化服务,对解决＂网络成瘾＂等青少年问题有着十分明显的效果。骨干社工的流失制约了脱瘾工作的可持续发展。深层原因在于青少年事务社工的薪酬体系缺乏市场竞争力。应从政策机制入手,努力增强青少年事务社工薪酬体系的市场竞争力,留住骨干社工,促进包括脱瘾工作在内的青少年工作的可持续发展。     

青少年网瘾被害危机基本理论及其干预对策

青少年网瘾被害危机在生成机理、客观特征、演变规律、具体危害等方面具有特征，需要深入研究和把握。对处在危机中的青少年进行干预和教育，有两种基本手段和途径，即紧急性干预教育和后续性干预教育。紧急性干预教育是根本的和主要的手段。紧急性危机干预教育模式从总体上可以分为平衡模式、认知模式和心理转变模式。     

LESSENING THE STING OF ASFA: THE REHABILITATION‐RELAPSE DILEMMA BROUGHT ABOUT BY DRUG ADDICTION AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Congress passed the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) as a response to children waiting in foster homes for years without permanent placement. In addressing the problem of permanency, however, Congress set a strict limit on how long a child could be in foster care (15 out of the most recent 22 months) before a state must either commence a proceeding to terminate parental rights or else lose valuable federal funding. Due to health care funding schemes and quality of treatment, this requirement, in particular, negatively impacts parents currently in drug rehabilitation whose parental rights may be permanently terminated before a realistic chance to recover is permitted. Although ASFA requires that states make “reasonable efforts” to keep families united, it does not define “reasonable efforts,” leaving parental rights and family unity subject to a chaotic interpretation of this requirement from state to state. “Reasonable efforts” should be interpreted to take into account current drug addiction and recovery research and drug court programs should be used to facilitate this goal. Research has shown that focusing on adequate treatment saves states money and improves the lives of children and their families, reducing the need for reliance on termination of parental rights.