海洛因来源鉴定的新方法

毒品来源的鉴定是指对毒品样品中包含的来源信息进行提取拜分析,这有助于打击毒品犯罪.海洛因是危害我国的主要毒品,它的来源鉴定更引起人们的关注.本文介绍了国际上研究海洛因来源的三种方法,即研究海洛因样品中的各种有机杂质及其相对比例;研究海洛因样品中的痕量无机元素;研究海洛因及吗啡的稳定同位素相对比值.第三种方法能够反映样品的地域性特点,因而在来源鉴定方面有突出的优势.气相色谱-燃烧-同位素比值质谱法是同位素比值测定方法中用于海洛因来源鉴定的最佳手段.这一技术还可用于其他微量物证(如炸药、药品、油品等)的来源鉴别,因而在法庭科学领域内显示了广阔的应用前景.     

‘Keeping the Ruins Private’: Anna Kavan and Heroin Addiction

Abstract

In 1964, the number of registered heroin addicts in Britain was 753. One of these was Anna Kavan, née Helen Woods. Beginning her writing career under the name Helen Ferguson, she wrote conventionally realist novels that enjoyed modest commercial success. In 1939–40, after a number of serious breakdowns and suicide attempts, and now calling herself Anna Kavan, Woods/Ferguson left a Swiss sanatorium addicted to heroin, which had almost certainly been therapeutically prescribed for sleeping disorders and severe depression. From then until her death in 1968, when she was found collapsed over a box of heroin, Kavan had an intermittent but intense relationship with the drug. This essay examines the ways in which Kavan has been constructed as an ‘addict writer’, both by her biographers and critics, and how this designation has influenced critical readings of her work.     

小学生网络成瘾与抑郁关系的研究

目的：了解小学生网络成瘾的发生率与抑郁水平情况,探讨小学生网络成瘾与抑郁的关系。方法：采用网络成瘾损害量表、儿童抑郁量表对小学生进行问卷调查。结果：小学生网络成瘾与抑郁总分及各维度均呈显著正相关。网络成瘾可以正向预测小学生的抑郁水平。结论：小学生网络成瘾程度越严重,抑郁水平越高     

Taking Stock of Drug Courts: Do They Work?

ABSTRACT

Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike have long known about the established link between substance abuse and criminal behavior, criminal justice agencies in the United States are still tasked with managing an influx of individuals who display symptoms of abuse and dependence. By the late 1980s, the drug court model emerged as an innovative response to this problem, and this reform has since proliferated to such an extent that it is the most common type of problem-solving court in America. Still, there remains much variation in how drug courts are implemented across jurisdictions, which can have strong implications for the outcomes among the courts’ participants. In this review, we summarize the key research on drug court implementation, followed by an assessment of whether they can be said to “work” in terms of reducing criminal behavior and relapse among adults. We conclude that the model remains an evidence-based practice and suggest some directions for future work, including increased emphasis on theory and causal dynamics and key measurement issues.     

“成瘾犯罪”若干问题探析

“成瘾”是行为人由于反复或者过度从事某种行为而导致的一种精神行为障碍，行为人在这种状态下实施的犯罪行为即为“成瘾”犯罪。成瘾犯罪的产生有多种原因，因此，对其预防也应从多方面入手。精神行为障碍是影响刑事责任能力的重要因素，刑事责任能力是行为人承担刑事责任的基础，“成瘾”犯罪的刑事责任能力的有无和大小将决定其刑事责任的有无和轻重。     

同位素比值质谱法鉴别缴获的海洛因来源2．海洛因的碳同位素比值质谱法研究

利用气相色谱-燃烧-同位素比值质谱法(GC-C-IRMS)对缴获的海洛因毒品进行来源鉴别。按照测得的海洛因和吗啡的δ13C值,对缴获的海洛因毒品作分类,并根据每对海洛因-吗啡之间的差值,给出了生产的批次信息。本文还提供了GC-C-IRMS法的测定精度并讨论了影响测定精度的诸因素。     

论未成年人网瘾形成的原因及预防

网瘾已成为困扰未成年人健康成长的严重社会问题,关乎国家、民族、家庭和未来。因此,必须引起高度重视,要认真分析未成年人网瘾形成的原因,并根据原因采取预防未成年人网瘾的具体措施,切实预防未成年人网瘾,减少未成年人违法犯罪,为未成年人创造健康成长的良好条件,真正把未成年人培养成为社会主义现代化建设的优秀人才。     

社会工作对青少年网络成瘾问题的干预

青少年网络成瘾给青少年的身体、心理和社会性发展带来了极大威胁。究其原因,主要是青少年身心发展不成熟、网络的极大吸引力以及家庭教育失位、学校教育失力与社会环境的复杂共同作用的结果。因此,社会工作者要通过各种方式做好预防工作,并在正确判断青少年网络成瘾＂真假性＂的基础上,激发青少年治疗网瘾的动机,以有效治疗网络成瘾的青少年,并评估成效,跟进服务。     

Transforming the media: a cultural approach

Abstract

Mobile phone text messaging often is more affordable than voice messaging in the developing world. Its similarity to instant messaging and other Internet synchronous communication technologies suggests that overuse and addiction-like tendencies might be found among users, as has been identified with similar technology applications. Symptoms related to components of addiction diagnoses were found to be prevalent among 21respondents to a survey, all of whom completed questionnaires at the University of Mauritius. Between 6% and 11% of respondents showed symptoms of addiction related to tolerance, withdrawal, displacement of attention to school or work, and the inability to diminish use. Displacement of people was common among a higher percentage of respondents. The number of messages sent, and the perceived skill at using SMS technology were significant predictors of the number of addiction criteria exhibited by respondents. Among the small percentage who revealed symptoms of addiction, usage of text messaging was double to triple that found in most of the rest of the population sample studied. While gender had been shown to be a predictor of overuse tendencies in past studies, no gender differences were found for addiction measures, but males were heavier users of text messaging than females.     

Fatal Intoxications in a Forensic Autopsy Material from Epirus,Greece, During the Period 1998‐2010

In this retrospective study, we report the epidemiological characteristics of all poisoning deaths in Epirus, Greece, from 1998 to 2010; we present the toxicological findings and the statistical evaluation of the results. This is the first detailed scientific report on all the officially certified poisoning deaths concerning part of the Greek population. A total of 126 poisoning fatalities were recorded, 67 of them being mono‐intoxications (53.2%). The cause of poisoning was as follows: drugs of abuse (60%); carbon monoxide (19.8%); pesticides (9.5%); corrosives (4.8%); pharmaceuticals (4.8%); and spider bite (0.8%). The most frequently detected poisonous substances were as follows: heroin (65 cases), ethanol (55), benzodiazepines (42), carbon monoxide (25), cocaine (17), cannabinoids (17) and pesticides (12). Increasing tendency in poisoning death rates was recorded, due to an increase in accidental poisoning deaths attributed mainly to drugs of abuse (total, accidental, and drugs‐of‐abuse poisoning death rates per 100,000 inhabitants per year were 1.87, 1.19, and 0.79, respectively, in the period 1998–2002 and 3.97, 3.41, and 2.55, respectively, in the period 2007–2010).