Differences in levels of deviance between Japanese and American students: the influence of peer deviance

In the current study, by drawing on the literature concerning peer deviance and criminological social learning theory, and on theory and research concerning cultural variability in uncertainty avoidance, we offer a rationale for predicting that peer deviance will be lower among Japanese than among Americans. The lower level of peer deviance among Japanese, in turn, might explain why crime and deviant behaviour are less common in Japan compared to the United States. Analyses of comparable survey data from college students in Japan and the United States (N = 1271) provide strong support for our hypothesis.     

利用文检仪快速比对检验文件物质材料

为建立无损、快速、直观的文件物质材料检验方法,利用物理光学仪器—文检仪比对检验常用的文件物质材料,主要包括纸张和色料。结果显示,利用文检仪的不同光源即可有效区分不同物质的种类,且区分能力较强。该法无需对检材进行任何处理,简单、快速、直观、方便、不损坏检材。     

制度廉洁性评估的两种实践模式及其比较

制度廉洁性评估作为中国反腐倡廉建设的创新举措,在实践中形成了"经验式推进"和"标准化操作"两种实践性模式,两种模式都为完善制度廉洁性评估工作提供了可行性思路,也各具特色和优点,同时也存在着各自的局限性。推进和完善制度廉洁性评估有必要将两种实践性模式进行整合,以标准化操作模式为引导,建立制度廉洁性评估基础指标体系,以经验式推进模式为平台,建立制度廉洁性评估指导性案例库,通过制度廉洁性评估指导机制提升制度廉洁性评估的正向竞争性,促使制度廉洁性评估工作实现螺旋式上升和波浪式前进。     

关于中西法律观念上几个问题的比较

法有两种形态,一种是法律制度或法律规范;一种是法律意识或法律现念。现实生活中,约束和调整人们行为的是前者,但在幕后起作用的却是后者。中西法律规范、法律制度上的差异,实际上是法律观念、法律文化上的差异。从对法之本义的理解、权利观念、对法与情的处理、司法独立意识、对法律职业和法律人的认识等几个方面,比较了中国和欧洲双方不同的价值理念,并对我国的法治建设做了一些思考。     

健卫－8小口径运动步枪弹痕研究

健卫— 8小口径运动步枪属于小口径标准步枪 ,其枪弹为步枪长弹 ,在现场上时有出现。通过实验表明 ,该种步枪可致弹壳遗留较为清晰的痕迹主要有击针痕、拉壳钩痕、抛壳挺痕、弹底窝痕和枪机下表面痕 ,这些痕迹出现率也相对较高 ,为侦察检验鉴定提供了依据。     

羌族与白马藏人文化比较研究

羌族与白马藏人源于古代同源的羌族和氐族,是两支地域相邻且文化相近的族体.其文化的相近主要表现在生计、生活、宗教、习俗等方面,但由于历史原因,两种文化也存在一些差异,羌族受汉化较深,农耕业较先进;白马藏人多受藏文化影响,农业生产相对落后.     

Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer‐based comparisons

Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer‐based method and of 73 firearm examiners who compared breechface and firing pin impressions of 48 comparison sets. We also compared the computer‐based method's comparison scores with the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments and assessed the validity of the latter. The true‐positive rate (sensitivity) and true‐negative rate (specificity) of the computer‐based method (for the comparison of both the breechface and firing pin impressions) were 94.4% and at least 91.7%, respectively. For the examiners, the true‐positive rate was at least 95.3% and the true‐negative rate was at least 86.2%. The validity of the source decisions improved when the evaluations of breechface and firing pin impressions were combined and for the examiners also when the perceived difficulty of the comparison decreased. The examiners were reluctant to provide source decisions for "difficult" comparisons even though their source decisions were mostly correct. The correlation between the computer‐based method's comparison scores and the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments was low for the same‐source comparisons to negligible for the different‐source comparisons. Combining the outcomes of computer‐based methods with the judgments of examiners could increase the validity of firearm examinations. The examiners' numerical degree‐of‐support judgments for their source decisions were not well‐calibrated and showed clear signs of overconfidence. We suggest studying the merits of performance feedback to calibrate these judgments.     

延边州与部分民族自治州经济发展水平之比较

进入90年代以后,延边经济增速减慢,规模增幅回落,这既给了我们经验教训,又给了我们重要启示。     

沪台创意产业发展比较研究：差异、原因及对策

无论是产业成熟度还是国际知名度，台湾创意产业的发展都领先于上海，而且在发展理念、分类体系、盈利模式、管制方式、扶持政策和创意人才培育等方面，形成了一定的差异性与比较优势。这不仅与两地所处的经济发展阶段，以及相异的产业结构与需求结构有关，而且还肇始于两地不同的产业管制体制、发展环境与市场机制，以及人才和教育培养模式等。上海当前正值创意产业发展的战略关键期，充分借鉴和学习台湾创意产业发展经验，有助于进一步提升产业能级，助推上海创意产业蓬勃兴业。     

“不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪”之含义

我国2013年起实施的修改后的刑事诉讼法正式规定了"不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪",但从司法实践的情况看,该规定的真正兑现,尚有待于对该规定含义的准确理解和把握,为此,有必要就这一规定的内涵和外延予以阐述和界定。