The clash of ideologies: Notions of multiparty (liberal) democracy versus African systems

In South Africa traditional leaders, aka (also known as) chiefs or collaborators, had hoped that the new liberation political environment would retain and safeguard their deeply embedded cultural practices and values, which had existed for centuries, but had been partly violated during the colonial era. However, the new liberation era brought with it notions of liberal democracy—characterised by concepts of meritorious selections, based on democratic “elections”, a practice that further marginalised and frustrated hereditary cultural norms and practices, upon which the pillars and identities of each ethnic group or community were based. In discussing the complex and interlocking interests, epochs of colonial and postcolonial experience, the introduction of “foreign” meritorious notions that dispensed with the craved hereditary positions, the chiefs, traditional leaders and former collaborators appear to have been forced to abandon the liberation project and take up the issue of their survival as custodians of customs and chiefdoms; even against the messaging coming from the new political classes. Inevitably, this has created new tensions in the political governance of urban and rural communities, by elected officials who have either failed or succeeded to coopt traditional leaders. This article argues for a balance between democracy and traditional leadership that can inform modern electoral processes and modernise the cultural practices and eliminate unnecessary conflict and tensions.     

美国档案鉴定的教学方法

通过一位美国教授的实际教学经历,介绍了在美国如何选择档案文献来培养学生的鉴定思维模式,详细阐述了如何选择鉴定案例与如何应用案例作为教学工具的各种方式。该教学方式对国内的档案教学研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Power and dispossession in the neoliberal food regime: oil palm expansion in Guatemala

ABSTRACT

Guatemala’s palm oil production has surged in line with the global demand for biodiesel and vegetable oil production. While corporate land grabs have been a popular concept in agrarian studies, we emphasize the integral roles of the state and racially-charged political power relations, enhanced by the neoliberal food regime. These power relations, with racism at their core, foster land control grabs occurring alongside the rise of the palm oil industry. Their effects extend beyond merely the dispossession of land. The oil palm expansion and related dispossessions mostly benefit the international markets and the wealthy ruling class comprised of creole descendants and affluent ladinos. The soaring industry has given rise to human rights violations and a lack of access to or control of various resources, such as food and water. Based on fieldwork, we show that dispossessed Guatemalans, especially the indigenous, experience rising poverty, domestic food shortages and an influx of foreign foodstuffs as the meagrely paid work in the oil palm sector is only available for the few.     

国际关系研究的话语权之争 ——兼论中国国际关系研究的学术自觉

二战以后，美国一直掌握着国际关系研究的话语霸权，塑造了国际关系研究的基本范式并从学理层面论证其霸权合法性。冷战结束以后，出于理论发展的需要与国际政治现实的挑战，国际关系研究逐渐呈现出多元化态势，欧洲国际关系研究在研究取向、研究方法、研究议题、理论流派等方面与美国展开了积极的话语权竞争，成就了“欧洲视角”，在一定程度上消解了美国的话语霸权。近年来，随着国际政治格局的调整与地缘政治重心的东移，国际关系研究的亚洲意识也逐渐觉醒，中国国际关系研究的自主性建设已初见成效，学术自觉与学术自信有所提升。但中国国际关系研究在话语权建设上存在诸多不足，应进一步强化学科内涵建设，推动理论创新；寻找西方学术话语体系的突破口，挖掘新的研究支点；拓展话语平台，为外交话语体系提供学术支撑。只有制定正确的话语权战略并付诸实施，才能从根本上提升中国国际关系研究的竞争力。     

国内领导风格研究综述

西方领导风格的研究始于上个世纪70年代，在学习、借鉴西方研究成果的基础上，国内学者运用个案研究、实证研究、比较研究等方法，在不同类型的领导风格研究方面形成了一批文献成果。领导风格量表解析了领导风格的概念结构，概念结构因子方面的差异是区分不同领导风格的评判依据。多个中介变量影响着领导者与被领导对象之间互动关系的建立与演变，一种领导风格发挥作用需要一定的情境条件，也存在失效的情形，要选择与组织文化匹配度高的领导风格。     

Conflict Analysis and Conflict Resolution: Divorce or Friendly Mediation?

The interests, needs, and academic practices of conflict analysis scholars are often fundamentally at odds with those of conflict resolution scholar practitioners. In this essay, I make suggestions for new academic arrangements that could allow both groups to be productive and empowered in their theory building and teaching and also have positive impacts on the development of students and on global institutions and conflict environments.     

何晏的《论语》学研究

何晏是现存最早的《论语》学代表著作《论语集解》的编纂者，同时也是《论语》学的研究者。他的《论语》学研究主要由两方面构成：一是对他人《论语》学成果的裒集；一是自己对《论语》的注释和理解。何晏的《论语》学研究体现了从汉儒到六朝学者《论语》学研究的因革创变，从一个侧面反映了中古学术转型的方式与规律。在中国古代学术史，特别是《论语》学史上，具有一定的地位和影响。     

从国家社科基金资助情况看中国女性研究的发展态势

中国的女性研究起步较晚,但在众多学者的关注和国家社科基金等的支持下,取得了较大的发展。本文通过对1993-2007年批准立项的国家社科基金有关女性项目进行归类统计,运用文献分析的方法,分析国家社科基金女性研究项目的时空分布、学科类别、研究内容、研究成果、承担单位和主持人性别等方面的特征,以此反映近15年来中国女性研究的学术轨迹,旨在为中国女性研究学者了解和把握中国女性研究的热点和发展趋势及申请相关基金项目提供参考。     

Vocal and verbal indicators of deception as a function of lie complexity

Abstract

A brief response is made to Eysenck's review of the status of personality factors in relation to criminality. It is respectfully suggested that some aspects of his review be viewed with caution.     

论西方卢梭研究的历史演进

卢梭的诸多学说一直有着巨大影响,在西方各种精神和运动中留下印记。研究卢梭的学者们成就斐然,但各种解释互相抵牾,意见分歧已不限于卢梭的政治理论,还包括其经济学说、宗教学说、教育学说和道德学说。20世纪二三十年代,一小批学者开始进行卢梭著作统一性的研究。朗松、赖特和卡西勒三位学者为寻求卢梭那一大原则作出重要贡献。20世纪60年代中期以来,书写卢梭的大潮一直势头不减,并出现一种内在转向,即探察卢梭遗留下来的大宗零散的自传性资料,包括书信、出版著作和卢梭所有的自白,利用这些证据耐心复原卢梭的生活。这并不意味着冷落了卢梭发表的著作,而是将其融入他的整个存在。