Descriptive Study of Precursors to Sex Offending among 813 Boys and Girls: Antecedent Life Experiences

In order to understand the precursors to sexual offending among youth and the associated gender differences, the records of 813 sexually abusive children (659 boys and 154 girls) referred for an evaluation of their sexually inappropriate and coercive behavior were reviewed and coded. These children ranged in age from 3 to 18 when they committed their first hands-on offenses. All were under the care of the Massachusetts Department of Social Services either prior to or as a result of their behavior. Principle findings included: (1) a high proportion of girls (19 percent) in a sample of children flagged as sexually abusive to other children, (2) an exceptionally high base rate of severe maltreatment and associated clinical and psychiatric sequelae, and (3) girls were significantly more likely to be sexually abused, and when sexually abused the abuse lasted longer, was more severe, and involved more perpetrators. In addition, the girls were significantly more likely to witness domestic violence and to witness sexual deviance within the home. For all other types of abuse, there were no group differences, and (4) all of the children were subjected to a very high level of caregiver instability.     

“两种利益不一致”问题的经济学分析

个人利益和社会利益一致是一个非常理想的社会目标,但在现实的社会生活中,二者之间的不一致却是常态。市场经济条件下二者之间不一致的原因在于:机会主义性质的追求自我利益最大化;经济活动的外部性;没有建立和实施有效的所有权。二者之间不一致将导致社会经济效率的降低和经济增长的停滞。解决该问题有福利经济学和新制度经济学两种思路。     

以人为本的三种价值形态初探

以人为本是科学发展观的价值原则。人是发展的根本目的。人的生存有三种具体的形式:个体、群体和类。从人的生存形式看以人为本,它有三种表现形态:个体本位、群体本位和人类本位。三种价值观念都有各自独特的适用场合,分别为人在不同场合的活动提供精神动力和价值支撑。     

试论中国帝王文学

中国帝王文学是一种独立于中国文学主流但又起着特殊作用的文学类群 ,应当从文学自身本质规律出发来进行解析。作为一种文学类群 ,它是一种十分独特而又悠久的客观存在。这种畸形的阳刚文学的产生是中国特有的现象。它有着突出的特征 :政治化极强的文学内容 ,唯我独尊的个体精神心理 ,主体表现的阳刚雄壮 ,符合艺术本质的自我表现等     

大学的要义

大学是研究高深学问的地方，是创造新科学、新知识、新化的机构；大学是高层次人才聚集的地方，是专家、学们公开追求真知、真理的场所；大学是培养学生健全人格、高尚道德、健康情感、良好的化修养、社会适应能力和职业创造能力的地方。对大学本质和宗旨的误解、误读将使大学的信念扭曲、精神失落、功能异化，使大学不像大学，成为缺少大学品格和精神的职业培训中心。     

Self-reported crime rates of women prisoners

This paper presents findings from the first study of female prisoners' self-reports of criminal activity. Using the criminal career paradigm to frame the analysis, self-reported estimates of crime participation and frequency rates were examined for eight felony crimes. Important similarities between women and men were found in overall patterns of crime. Specifically, a small proportion ofboth women and men described committing a large portion of the total crimes reported. These data also suggest that women and men are similar in violent crime participation — a finding that varies from the current literature. Once active in a crime type, women and men committed assault, theft, and forgery at significantly different rates; no gender differences were found in the annualized frequency rates of burglary, robbery, motor vehicle theft, fraud, and drug dealing. However, although statistical differences were not found in the overall frequency of drug dealing, specific patterns of drug dealing reflected considerable gender variation, with a larger proportion of the female sample committing very frequent (daily) drug dealing activity. The findings reflect the value of the criminal career paradigm for the study of gender differences. Future research should include largescale quantitative designs that allow detailed analyses of correlates of the distinct criminal career dimensions.Points of view are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice.This research was funded in part by the National Institute of Justice, Grant 87-IJ-CX-0048.     

Childhood Abusive and Supportive Experiences, Inter-Parental Violence, and Parental Alcohol Use: Prediction of Young Adult Depressive Symptoms and Aggression

Issues in both the children of alcoholics and child abuse literatures were addressed in an attempt to disentangle the effects on young adults of growing up in alcoholic homes versus abusive homes. Using multiple regression, retrospective reports of parental abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) and parental support (love/support, independence, and fairness), witnessing violence between parents, and parental alcohol use were used as predictor variables for outcomes noted by both literatures. When the effects of all other predictors were statistically controlled, parental alcohol use was not significantly related to depressive symptoms or aggression. Different abusive and supportive behaviors, depending on sex of parent and sex of participant, were significant predictors of both depression and aggression. Results underscore the importance of including and controlling for inter-parental violence and for different types of child abuse (especially emotional abuse) and parental supportive behaviors in investigations of outcomes related to abusive and alcoholic families. Implications for treatment of individuals from these families are discussed.     

中西方不同文化下的面子理论研究

随着经济一体化的形成,中国与西方的经济往来越来越频繁。由于文化背景不同,言语交际中存在着多种多样的困难与障碍。其中,"面子"理论的不同就是一个主要问题。探讨了在中西方不同文化下"面子"理论的不同以及分析了造成理论不同的原因,从而避免跨文化交际失败。     

个人品德语境下的社会主义道德建设探析

从社会主义道德的基本着力点出发,以新思维来重新解读社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德建设及要求,探析个人品德建设对“三德”的促进作用及从个体道德修养层面提高个人品德的途径,可以为社会主义道德建设这条主干道找寻到一条能让其更加顺畅的分支渠道。     

植物SSR标记的研究现状及其在法庭科学中的应用

随着SSR分子标记技术的深入研究,其在植物遗传多样性分析、种属鉴定、个体识别中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文就植物SSR分子标记技术的特性、发展、研究现状进行综述,并探讨其在法庭科学中的应用前景,旨在为法庭科学和相关学科中的应用和相关领域中的研究提供参考。