企业家与大学生的文化价值观有何不同?

文化价值观对企业家精神的培育和创新行为的生成具有重要的形塑作用.本文从公平、信任、社会责任和财富观四个维度对企业家和大学生的文化价值观展开比较研究.研究结果显示大学生与企业家在分配公平、结果公平、被信任程度、区域信任、承担社会责任和收入幸福观方面存在显著差异；而在机会公平、承担社会责任倾向、财富追求倾向和公共财富观这些方面未发现明显差异.对企业家文化价值观的多因素回归检验表明,企业家比大学生更能够接受结果公平并愿意承担社会责任,企业家更倾向财富创造并且更不看重收入对幸福的影响.     

试论个体认同与集体认同之间的内在关系

认同问题已经成为学术界的一个热点话题。个体认同和集体认同之间在强调的重点、所具有的功能、适用的范围三方面存在差异。个体认同和集体认同从根本上说具有极大的共同性和相似性,而这个共同性与相似性的基础在于社会性。个体认同和集体认同永远处于一种相互塑造中。对个体认同与集体认同的内在关系的考察是和谐社会研究的重要内容。     

突破困扰 促进创新人才的培养

在新的历史发展阶段，国家发展战略的核心和提高综合国力的关键是提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家，创新人才的基础是人的全面发展，作国工具化的人，模式化的人和被套以种种条条枢枢的人是不可能成为创新型人才的，个性的自由独立发展是创新人才成长与发展的前提，个性发展是指个性系统结构诸林素的全面发展，关键是个体的自主性和独特性的自由充分发展。     

Age and Gender Differences in Peer Conflict

The purpose of this study was to examine age and gender differences in peer conflict, particularly in regards to conflict issues and resolution strategies reported by children and adolescents. Students from grades 4 and 8 (60 boys, 60 girls) were asked interview questions and given 3 hypothetical scenarios to respond to. Teacher and self-reports were also gathered for each student to assess their level of adaptive ability. The results showed that adolescents tended to report higher rates of conflict and endorsed more cooperative strategies than 4th graders, who endorsed more aggressive tactics. Female students reported having more relational issues and used more conflict-mitigating strategies, while boys reported having more conflicts related to status/dominance. Finally, links were also found between effective resolution strategies and social ability. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.M. A. Noakes received her Master's degree from the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Alberta, Canada. Her current research interests include assessment of at-risk youth, relapse prevention programs for young offenders, and social emotional functioning of children and adolescents.C. M. Rinaldi her doctorate from the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology at McGill University, Canada. Her current research interests include applied developmental psychology, social emotional functioning of children and adolescents, and parent-child relations.     

The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys

The present study tested whether theoretically derived risk factors predicted increases in body dissatisfaction and whether gender moderated these relations with data from a longitudinal study of 428 adolescent girls and boys because few prospective studies have examined these aims, despite evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for various psychiatric disturbances. Body dissatisfaction showed significant increases for girls and significant decreases for boys during early adolescence. For both genders, parental support deficits, negative affectivity, and self-reported dietary restraint showed significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction. Ideal body internalization and body mass index did not demonstrate significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction; peer support deficits showed a marginal relation to this outcome. Gender did not moderate these relations, despite adequate power to detect interactive effects.

中国老年人健康状况的性别差异及其影响因素

本文利用中国2002年老人健康状况调查资料,在控制其它相关因素的情况下,对中国老年人健康状况的性别差异进行统计验证和原因分析。分析结果表明,中国女性老年人口的健康水平明显低于男性老年人口,不利的后天社会环境是其主要原因,其中低下的女性社会经济地位的影响最显著。本文还在原因分析的基础上提出改善中国女性老年人健康状况的对策。     

对个别教育工作的探索与思考

个别教育工作近年来在监狱教育改造工作有逐步弱化的倾向,传统个别教育的方法不能够得到正确的运用,一些新的个别教育方法更是难以得到推广。个别教育工作必须要有创新和发展,并且要建设完善的个别教育保障制度。     

群体的心理构成与人员的优化组合

群体的心理构成是群体成员的不同个性心理特征及其相互作用形成的人员组合类型。这种类型不仅繁多 ,而且还决定了群体的功能和组织状态。为此 ,人员的优化组合应注意 :根据群体的任务和目标 ,确定人员优化组合的基本原则和标准 ;提倡和谐互补的人员组合 ;协调那些不和谐 ,但可以互补的人员组合 ;全面考虑人员调配或重新组合的效果     

Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

In a longitudinal study on 115 early adolescents, the impact of major events, relationship stressors, and coping style in interaction with biological changes on depressive outcome in late adolescence were explored. Three developmental models proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus (1994, Psychol. Bull. 115: 424–433), which attempt to explain the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, were tested. Multiple regression analyses conducted to test Model 1 identified two etiological factors associated with gender differences of depression, namely, stress in the adolescent–mother relationship and a more negative body image. Tests of Model 2 revealed etiological factors which correlated with depression in adolescent girls but not adolescent boys. The correlational patterns of avoidant coping and body image emerged as relevant factors for Model 2. Finally, tests of Model 3 searched for factors which were more likely to be observed in adolescent girls than boys and which would put girls at risk should they interact with a third etiological factor. Early maturational timing emerged as a factor for Model 3.     

HLA-DRB1基因分型芯片的法医物证学应用价值研究

目的对HLA-DRB1基因分型芯片在个体识别中的应用价值进行研究。方法根据HLA-DRB1基因座不同等位基因的独特序列设计探针,制成分型芯片。将待测样品DNA用末端标记了CY5的引物进行PCR扩增,产物与芯片进行杂交,根据杂交产生的荧光信号值确定样品在HLA-DRB1位点的基因型。将这一方法应用于561份样本的HLA-DRB1基因分型,根据基因型分布统计分析其法医学应用价值。同时,进行了家系调查和方法灵敏度分析,并应用于部分案例。结果利用微量检材,HLA-DRB1基因芯片可检测DRB1位点等位基因26个,基因型的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,该位点的观察杂合度(Ho)为0.888,期望杂合度(He)为0.902,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.893,平均非父排除率(PE)为0.801。家系调查和案例运用的结果表明,HLA-DRB1位点等位基因由亲代向子代的传递符合孟德尔遗传定律。结论HLA-DRB1为高度多态位点,其基因分型芯片可在亲子鉴定和个体识别中发挥重要作用。