Social stratification: Individual importance and social welfare

A method to estimate a household's social status in a stratified society is described. We do not leave it up to the respondents what is to be understood by status, as most methods do, but define it as the weight of the household with respect to social welfare. In order to operationalize this individual relative importance concept we measure and utilize the individual welfare evaluations. Our empirical results for a data set collected in the Boston area in 1983 show the dependency of social status and social stratification on individual characteristics. A comparison made with some other methods shows the feasibility of our approach.     

法律语言学诌议

法律的理解和解释始终是以语言为载体的,司法的过程始终是一个语言运用及交流的过程。本文试从法律语言学的由来为出发点,结合法律语言学的研究方法,进而归纳概括出中国法律语言学的特点,并结合对中外法律语言的差异性的考察,最后总结出对汉语法律语言学未来的发展趋势。     

个人自由和权利的最大司法化保护

在国家权力结构中 ,司法权是保障个人自由和权利的最重要力量。本文探讨了个人自由和权利司法保护最大化原则。作者首先分析了个人自由和权利司法保护的必要性 ,其次探讨了个人自由和权利司法保护最大化的重要性 ,最后提出了本文的结论。本文的结论是 :个人自由和权利司法保护的最大化原则 ,应当从目前所处的宪法基本原则的次级原则地位提升为宪法的基本原则。     

英汉语言文化中礼貌原则的差异

英汉语言文化中礼貌原则的差异,实质上就是中西方在总的文化背景方面差异的具体体现。以中西方文化背景的差异为主线,从隐私语、称呼语、谦辞与客套等方面进行对比研究,对于提高学生的跨文化交际能力大有裨益。     

Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress and Related Symptoms Among Inner-City Minority Youth Exposed to Community Violence

This study examined gender differences in levels of violence exposure, and in levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and related symptomatology in a sample of inner-city predominantly African American youth. Because such youth are at risk for exposure to chronic community violence, they are likely to experience considerable distress and clinical or subclinical levels of posttraumatic stress and related symptoms. Previous research has found that although boys are exposed to violence more frequently than are girls, girls are more likely to express posttraumatic stress and related symptoms as a result of violence exposure. Thus, we examined gender as a moderator of the relation between violence exposure and symptoms. A stronger positive association of anxiety and depression symptoms with extent of community violence exposure for girls than boys was found. It was also found that while girls do not appear to differ in their responses to witnessing violence versus being a victim of violence, boys appear to be more distressed by being a victim of violence than by witnessing violence.     

汗液指纹用于个人识别的研究进展

经过100多年的发展,指纹学技术取得了长足的进步,现在指纹学与计算机的有机结合,产生了计算机自动识别系统,以前人工比对需要几十个甚至几百个工作日才能完成的任务,利用该系统几分钟就可以完成。指纹学与法医学技术相结合,不但可以进行血型鉴定、测定遗留指纹ABO血型,而且可以通过与法医DNA技术的结合,对于那些较为模糊或指纹特征点较少或不完整的指纹进行个人识别。     

绑架犯罪被害人被害性分析与个体被害预防

从刑事被害人学的角度而言,绑架犯罪与被害人的主观性特征息息相关。只有减少被害人的被害易感性、被害诱发性、被害受容性,才能做到绑架犯罪个体被害的有效预防。     

Behavior Problems in Children Exposed to Wife Abuse: Gender Differences

Family aggression patterns and behavior problems of children, aged 6-12, recruited from shelters for battered women (shelter group) were contrasted with three comparison groups of currently nonviolent families: two-parent, single-mother, and homeless. Girls who had been exposed to recent interparental wife abuse were predicted to show more internalizing and externalizing behavior problems than similarly exposed boys, based on recent literature. Homeless and shelter mothers reported the highest rates of parent-child aggression. Shelter girls obtained significantly higher total, internalizing and externalizing behavior problem ratings than shelter boys, and than two-parent and single-mother girls. Shelter boys obtained significantly higher internalizing ratings than two-parent boys. Shelter and homeless children were rated as having equivalent levels of behaviour problems. Across all groups, mothers' psychological adjustment was a better predictor of daughters' adjustment than that of sons. The study concluded that the assumption that preadolescent girls have greater immunity to psychosocial risk is unfounded.     

20世纪80年代中苏经济体制改革差异之比较

20世纪80年代 ,中苏两国都进行了举世瞩目的经济体制改革 ,然而改革的结果却迥然不同。这与两国在经济体制改革的政治基础、策略方针、社会环境等方面存在的重大差异息息相关。文章对此作了一些分析和比较。     

现代个体识别技术及其在安全防范领域的应用

本文简述了通过指纹、掌形、声音、笔迹进行个体识别技术的程式、特点、发展状况和在安全防范领域的应用。