引入ISO9000质量管理体系 构建高绩效管理模式——公安机关实施质量管理改革初探

从某种意义上讲,公安机关的改革和重塑就是为了创建一种最有效的服务机制。通过引入 ISO9000质量管理体系,构建公安机关高绩效管理模式,有利于打造服务型政府。     

论行政强制法的比例原则及在我国的实践

比例原则是行政法的核心原则之一。行政强制行为可以分为行政强制措施和行政强制执行两种类型。我国的行政强制制度在实践中还存在不少问题。有鉴于此 ,我国的《行政强制法》需要明确并贯彻依循比例原则。     

乌头碱在家兔体内的代谢动力学初步研究

本文应用甲醇-0.05mol/L碳酸铵水溶液-二氯甲烷(90:10:2)作流动相,在YWGC_(18)H_(37)反相键合相色谱柱上分离乌头碱和内标,用紫外分光检测器在235nm外定量,改进了动物组织内痕量乌头碱的HPLC检测法。运用该法检测家兔静脉注射乌头碱后的血毒物浓度,初步研究了乌头碱在家兔体内的代谢动力学过程,表明其体内过程符合开放二室模型,T_(1/2α)=1.4682min,T_(1/2β)=34.1379min。体内乌头碱可以原形由尿和胆汁中排出,但以前6h尿排泄为主。     

Debating gender and Kazakhness: memory and voice in poetic duel aytis between China and Kazakhstan

Aytis is a central component of Kazakh oral literature. It is a duelling performance of improvised oral poetry between two aqins (poets, or bards) accompanying themselves on the dombra, a two-stringed plucked instrument. This article analyses contending issues in a transnational aytis between Chinese and Kazakhstani aqins, and explores how gender plays into the complex interplay of transnational identity politics, nationalism, performer positionality, and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage. This article argues that, though minority actors are subject to state-patronized national projects and the gender paradigms those projects entail, they can also obtain empowerment from performing tradition as a way to legitimize their status as culture producers and flexible citizens. Situated as the guardians of a constructed gender balance in society, women performers of oral tradition occasionally find themselves with opportunities to transgress the boundaries of their national and gender norms.     

How High Should They Jump? An Empirical Method for Setting Municipal Financial Ratio Performance Benchmarks

Heightened concerns regarding the financial sustainability of local councils have resulted in an increasing reliance by municipal regulators on financial ratio performance benchmarking. However, these benchmarks are often assigned without explicit justification and despite a paucity of empirical evidence. Furthermore, regulators typically allocate a single performance benchmark across an entire local government system despite the fact that individual councils may face entirely different operating environments. Failure to take account of the environmental challenges facing councils can result in inappropriate or unattainable performance benchmarks that may give rise to unintended consequences, such as the well‐documented threshold effects. To address this problem, we develop an empirical method for allocating performance benchmarks with respect to the current level of performance and environmental constraints facing individual local authorities. We demonstrate this technique in a case study using data drawn from New South Wales local authority operating ratios.     

Public Financial Management Reform in South African Provincial Basic Education Departments

Since the transition to democracy in 1994, the South African government has engaged in a sustained programme of public financial management (PFM) reform across the national, provincial and local spheres of government. This study evaluates the progress of the nine provincial education departments (PEDs) in implementing the Public Finance Management Act of 1999 and explores the factors that facilitated or impeded reform. A PFM progress (PFMP) index is constructed to track each PED's performance from 1997/1998 to 2013/2014 and then used to benchmark its progress over time and relative to the education sector as a whole. The indicators comprising the PFMP index assess key PFM functions (budgeting, accounting, financial auditing and audits of performance information), financial leadership and the effectiveness of governance institutions such as audit committees. While there has been considerable progress in PFM, distinct differences in the quality and effectiveness of PFM practices across the nine PEDs remain. Stable top administrative leadership, availability of PFM skills, varying degrees of accountability and departmental capacity to establish PFM systems that conform to new accounting standards drive variances in reform outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance measures in tax administration: Chile as a case study

The article proposes a set of tax administration performance measures and contrasts them with measures actually used by the Chilean tax administration agency. The goals assumed for the tax administration agency (TA) are to maximize tax revenue collection and provide quality services to taxpayers. Ideal performance measures (PMs) would measure the deviation of actual outcome from a best‐practice standard, given the value of all variables affecting organisation performance that are outside management control. The key challenge is to build and calculate these best‐practice outcomes. In Chile the PM in use, for the first goal, is the ratio of actual to potential tax revenue collection. This PM does adjust revenue collection for variations in the tax structure and rate, but it fails to control other variables that affect performance such as the TA budget and per capita income. The PM in use, for the second goal, is taxpayer satisfaction measured through sample surveys. This seems the appropriate PM, as quality of taxpayer services depends directly on the TA efforts to improve them. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱

目的建立酸化甲醇(pH=3)液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱吗啡、可待因、蒂巴因、罂粟碱、那可汀的检验方法。方法样品加入正己烷摇匀后用酸化甲醇(pH=3)提取,BEH C18色谱柱分离,乙腈(0.01%甲酸)-水(0.01%甲酸+0.05%氨水,体积比)梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)及多反应监测模式检测。结果结果显示5种待测成分在0.5~300ng/g范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(S/N=3)在0.1~2ng/g间、定量限(S/N=10)在0.5~3ng/g间;回收率(20ng/g,200ng/g)在82.0%~101.4%间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.4%~4.2%,基质效应(20ng/g,200ng/g)在-5.3%~5.8%间,日间精密度为2.8%~6.7%。结论本方法前处理简单、耗时短,溶剂使用量少,灵敏度高,适合大批量常见食用植物油中5种鸦片生物碱的同时检测。     

见义勇为的经济学分析——公安机关的视角

从经济学的角度看,理性公民在进行行为选择时都要考虑其行为成本和收益。见义勇为作为一种行为模式,也有其成本和收益。理性公民是否实施见义勇为,一般要视其对政府或社会关于见义勇为制度或非正式制度中隐含预期的合理性而定。同时,见义勇为作为一种行为选择模式,也有其外部效应,这种外部效应与为社会提供公安产品的公安机关的职能和目标密切相关。因此,作为专门生产公安产品的公安机关如何理性地对待见义勇为,不仅关系到见义勇为者个人的切身利益,而且还关系到公安机关使命与职能的实现程度。为此,本文借助经济学的相关理论,从公安机关的视角来分析见义勇为,以期对公安机关更好地处理见义勇为这一议题提供一个新的视角,最终提高公安机关的总体绩效。     

Examination of acetone findings in suspected drug-facilitated sexual assaults: A case series

Acetone presence in human biological specimens can result from exogenous administration or endogenous production, resulting from diabetes, dietary composition, alcoholism, and stress response. Victims of drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) are understood to experience enhanced stress. At the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences (HCIFS), DFSA drug testing includes analysis of volatile compounds, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and acetone, by headspace gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. The prevalence of acetone-positive specimens in DFSA casework has been observed to exceed that of other human performance case types. In this report, DFSA cases received between 2019 and 2021 (n = 393) were reviewed and 41 acetone-positive cases were detailed. Overall, nearly 11% of the DFSA cases had acetone-positive blood or urine specimens, where 3% identified acetone only, 6% identified acetone and other drug(s), and 2% identified acetone, ethanol, and other drug(s). Acetone concentrations ranged from 0.010 to 0.147 g/100 mL in urine. Other drugs such as nor-carboxy-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ethanol, and benzoylecgonine were commonly detected. Elevated stress response encountered during DFSAs may facilitate the mechanism behind enhanced acetone production leading to increased identification. Limited availability of victim medical history precludes understanding the contribution of other disease states or physiological conditions. Nonetheless, the identification of acetone in DFSA specimens supports its potential as a biomarker of trauma in forensic toxicology casework and warrants future research within the community.