Crime Victims’ Perceptions of Police Behavior,Legitimacy, and Cooperation: A Review of the Literature

According to Tyler’s theoretical framework, police officers can motivate cooperation among citizens during direct interactions by using fair procedures and by showing how the police perform their job in combating crime. By conducting a systematic literature review, prior research was examined to see whether perceptions of procedural justice and police performance result in higher levels of perceived legitimacy of the police institution, and in turn whether this perceived legitimacy stimulates cooperative behavior among crime victims specifically. Results of the 15 included studies indicate that partial support for the applicability of this framework on crime victims was found. However, none of the included studies tested all relationships within the framework simultaneously among crime victims; they typically focused only on one of the interrelationships between the frameworks’ key concepts. Implications for future research and police practice are discussed.     

社区民警绩效考核与评价研究

在社区警务战略思想的指导下,如何构建科学合理的社区民警绩效考核标准及评价体系,是公安基础理论研究的重要内容。基于公安部及辽宁省公安厅颁布的有关法律法规,文章探讨了社区民警绩效考核应该遵循的原则及内容,并给出了社区民警绩效考核与评价的具体计算方法。     

控权论视角下政府绩效问责的有效治理路径

政府绩效问责作为一种执行工具和制度安排,具有绩效激励与问责控制的双重功能。在控权论视角下,绩效与责任并重、控制与激励兼容以及科层体制的制度保障构成绩效问责的控权治理基础,事前目标设定、事中检查验收与事后激励奖惩则形成绩效问责的控权行动规程。政府绩效问责的有效治理取决于整体制度与行动系统的逻辑匹配、功能互补与流程衔接。政府绩效问责所面临的目标偏离、信息障碍、标准模糊等制度困境和责任厘定、行为监测与绩效反馈等执行难题,主要归因于科层体制下绩效激励与问责控制的非一致性与非协同性。对此,需要总体上审视绩效问责制度均衡条件与行动支持机制,通过分层设置绩效目标任务、实施清单式检查验收和分级对位奖惩,达成全域定责、全程督责与底线追责的有效控权和高效问责。     

排脓散汤剂和散剂中有效成分生物利用度的比较研究

目的 比较排脓散的汤剂与散剂中有效成分的药物代谢动力学参数,为排脓散的剂型选择提供依据.方法 以栀子苷为内标,采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血液中芍药苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷的含量,用乙酸乙酯法提取后,制备样品,然后使用Themo Scientific Syncronis C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)在35℃下进行色谱分离,以水和乙腈为流动相,流速0.3 mL/min,进行负离子模式的多反应监测,用于测定血浆中标准品和内标.结果 4种有效成分含量在0.2～500 ng/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,提取回收率、稳定性、精密度均良好且达到测定要求.大鼠经单次给药后,与汤剂比较,排脓散散剂可显著增加橙皮苷的生物利用度(P<0.05),而不能显著增加新橙皮苷、柚皮苷和芍药苷的生物利用度(P>0.05).结论 排脓散散剂的生物利用度可能更优于汤剂.     

Stand-up comedy and the legacy of the mature vagina

This article explores the work of older female comedians who explicitly refer to their sexed bodies, and their vaginas in particular, as a playfully political discursive strategy. At its heart are a number of stand-up performances made since 2000 by Phyllis Diller, Joan Rivers and Roseanne Barr, informed and supported by their performances in a variety of other forms and media (including reality television, talk shows and auto/biographical writing). These performances draw attention to the relationship between performative utterance and visuality through the tropes of public confession and allusions to cosmetic surgery and aging genitalia. This can be risky in a genre in which staged persona, body and performance material are so closely yoked. Despite their different ages and signature practices, Diller, Rivers and Barr can be seen to be working in a professional lineage of female comedians, including Sophie Tucker, Jackie “Moms” Mabley, Belle Barth, Pearl Williams and LaWanda Page, who have foregrounded their own sexuality as aging women. In their redeployment of taboos which mark the female body as grotesque and unruly, these women expose the scopic regimes that limit how post-menopausal women are read, and thereby erased, in the public realm.     

Applying rapid results approach to local service delivery: issues,lessons and challenges from Nairobi City Council

Over the years, the Kenyan Government has pursued wide‐ranging public sector reforms to improve local service delivery, but little has been achieved due to lack of a wide‐ranging decentralisation policy and institutional framework. To precipitate the reform process, the rapid results approach (RRA), commonly applied in private sector organisations, was recently introduced thorough out the public sector, including local authorities (LAs). This article assesses the efficacy of the rapid results approach (RRA) methodology in local service delivery using Nairobi City Council as a prototype; highlighting the success stories, pitfalls and challenges. The analyses are based on the findings obtained using current literature on the subject matter and the author's interactions with the council staff, councillors and other stakeholders. On the basis of the analysis, the article draws the main conclusions and policy advice on what could be considered critical for further debate, highlighting issues, lessons and challenges that could be raised to improve the practice of RRI. The key messages presented here will help policy makers, scholars and practitioners of reform to re‐think the envisaged countrywide replication of RRI to the rest of LAs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“Institutions and Economic Performance: The Use and Abuse of Culture in New Institutional Economics”: A Response to Heydemann

Applications of institutional analysis to the explanation of economic performance come in many flavors. Some economists have made use of an economics-oriented flavor in treating culture as one component of that analysis. Steven Heydemann uses a more political flavor of institutional analysis to argue that two of these economists, Douglass North and Avner Greif, have overly simplified and homogenized the concept of culture and the way in which it affects economic performance. He goes on to identify several instances in both the economic history and contemporary experience of the Middle East where he claims that such over-simplification has led to shortcomings in the analysis. This paper suggests that while some of Heydemann’s claims have merit, several others are exaggerated.

论国际合同中最密切联系原则的运用

最密切联系原则已是国际民商事合同法律适用的主要原则之一,灵活性是其突出的特点,但有过分随意的危险;英美法系和大陆法系国家确定最密切联系的方法中利益分析说和特征履行说都有其不可避免的弱点.针对我国<合同法>第126条的实施,最密切联系原则的运用应与国际私法调整对象相适应,并区分国际商事合同和国际民事合同.     

论求职过程中的礼仪素养

当今社会,人才市场和劳动就业市场活跃,通过招聘市场寻求理想的工作成为普遍现象。求职礼仪是求职者整体素质的一个重要表现,它对于实现求职者的意愿,获得理想的工作岗位起着重要作用。注重求职礼仪,把握求职对仪容、仪表、举止、谈吐等方面的礼仪要求,有助于求职成功。