论和谐社会中的政府角色

有限政府是现代社会的根本要求。在构建社会主义和谐社会中,政府的主导作用不可低估。和谐社会中政府具有维护政治稳定、促进经济发展、推动社会主义文化建设、实现社会公共治理的和谐等功能。政府的功能表现在政治、经济、文化和社会不同领域,也决定了政府在各个领域相应的职能。     

新时期农民工就业质量提升的主要挑战与政策应对

随着脱贫攻坚取得决定性胜利和小康社会全面建成,新时期我国农民工工作的中心任务是继续推进全面市民化和高质量就业。本文聚焦农民工就业质量提升,从理论上阐明了农民工就业质量与市民化之间的关联,认为高质量就业是促进农民工高质量全面市民化的基础。但当前中国农民工就业质量偏低,且面临老龄化加剧、就业灵活性扩张、工资增长相对滞缓等挑战,非但难以支撑起农民工全面市民化的发展目标,还存在沦为城市新贫困群体的风险。因此,新时期要根据中国城镇化战略的发展形势和需要,合理应对农民工就业质量提升面临的挑战,不断调适中国劳动就业政策体系,完善和强化劳动保障型、收入分配型、能力培养型和公共服务型政策工具,通过四种政策工具的组合运用实现农民工就业质量和市民化的同步提升。     

完整科学的非量化岗位绩效考核体系探析

管理学界有人把企业实施战略性绩效管理的好坏,作为企业优秀与平庸的分水岭。一套完善的激效考核体系的难点,在于对不能量化的岗位进行有效公平的考核。     

Art of the Power Deal: The Four Negotiation Roles of Donald J. Trump

In this article, I mine President Donald Trump’s considerable writing and speaking record to synthesize the key elements of his deal‐making approach to help make better sense of his rhetoric and actions on the world’s diplomatic stage. My argument is that Trump’s coercive negotiation style is best understood through the prism of his four public roles: observer, performer, controller, and disrupter. In this article, I analyze how these roles translate into his negotiating behavior. Spotting and exploiting vulnerability is his trade; leverage and bravado are his tools. After assessing the opposing side, Trump uses leverage to threaten his counterparts’ weaknesses, while using bravado to play up the advantages of reaching an agreement on his terms. This way, he presents a drastic structured choice to his opponents, leaving them the least maneuvering space. In the final section of the paper, I illustrate how the four‐role framework helps explain Trump’s decisions in the nuclear negotiations with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. I also consider opportunities for further research.     

How Do Performance Gaps Affect Improvement in Organizational Performance? Exploring the Mediating Roles of Proactive Activities

Abstract

According to the extensive literature on performance gaps, the various reference points of the problem identification process affect the managerial decisions of public managers. In this article, we propose a theory about the public management decision-making processes based on the roles of proactive behaviors, specifically regarding how identifying such problems (performance gaps) leads to performance improvement. Using panel data from Korea covering 2005–2014, this analysis provides support for our assertion that not all reference points are equally important to public managers’ proactive responses; however, we find evidence supporting the importance of perceiving the external reference point of problem identification as a significant precedent for successful organizational performance. Our results also indicate that practitioners need to become involved in greater feedback processes when searching for proactive solutions that remedy poor organizational performance. This suggests that the creation of diverse and sophisticated performance feedback systems can strengthen public managers’ abilities to find solutions for organizations. Ultimately, the findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between performance gaps and performance improvement by examining the role of public managers’ proactive behaviors.     

Full Range Leadership Styles and Government IT Team Performance: The Critical Roles of Follower and Team Competence

Abstract

In this study, we explore how leadership affects team performance from a team and follower competence perspective. We base our study on the Full Range Leadership (FRL) model, which proposes three different leadership styles: passive/avoidant, transactional, and transformational. The FRL has been well-studied outside the public administration environment, but rarely considering the three leadership styles simultaneously, or with team level outcomes. We propose a sequential mediation model in which leadership styles relate to follower competencies, which in turn relate to team competence, and then team performance. Our research design is distinctive in that we study all three FRL styles simultaneously, examine team performance as opposed to individual performance, and utilize data from three levels of a municipal government IT department. We found that transformational leadership was directly and indirectly related to team performance in the expected positive directions. Transactional leadership was mostly ineffective, while passive/avoidant leadership had complicated relationships with team performance that were both positive (direct) and negative (indirect through competence). We conclude that the three FRL styles have varying degrees of effectiveness as direct and indirect predictors of team performance. We discuss the implications of our results for leadership of public administration organizations.     

重大劳动安全事故罪若干问题探析

我国<刑法>第135条规定了重大劳动安全事故罪.该罪的确立充分体现了刑法维护职业安全、保障劳动权的立法精神.重大劳动安全事故罪在性质上是单位犯罪;是违反劳动法、侵犯劳动权的犯罪;是过失犯罪.重大劳动安全事故罪的立法规定不尽合理,应该予以完善.     

Human Factors Effecting Forensic Decision Making: Workplace Stress and Well‐being

Over the past decade, there has been a growing openness about the importance of human factors in forensic work. However, most of it focused on cognitive bias, and neglected issues of workplace wellness and stress. Forensic scientists work in a dynamic environment that includes common workplace pressures such as workload volume, tight deadlines, lack of advancement, number of working hours, low salary, technology distractions, and fluctuating priorities. However, in addition, forensic scientists also encounter a number of industry‐specific pressures, such as technique criticism, repeated exposure to crime scenes or horrific case details, access to funding, working in an adversarial legal system, and zero tolerance for “errors”. Thus, stress is an important human factor to mitigate for overall error management, productivity and decision quality (not to mention the well‐being of the examiners themselves). Techniques such as mindfulness can become powerful tools to enhance work and decision quality.     

On the Memory in Literature

The memory writing in literature is involved in the formation of the literary text narration pattern and the production and presentation of the writer's life experience. In the writing of literary memory, “time” has become the basic element of memory type classification and text recognition. Because of the memory of the memory of the “episodic memory” of the preference, the “memory of the memory” and “memory of how to remember” the structure is more clear. In addition, with the emphasis on the non-literary memory, the social and cultural functions are different, and the literary memory needs the structure function of the text.     

Grantmaking in a Disorderly World: The Limits of Rationalism

This article reflects on the real world relevance of rational approaches to grantmaking. The characteristics and environment of foundation work are outlined, then both traditional and newer funding practices are analysed. Unpacking implicit assumptions of a rational approach, eight costs to foundations and their grantees are identified. The final sections of the paper consider what grantmaking for a complex and disorderly world might encompass. In conclusion, while rational approaches to grantmaking provide a comfortable aura of certainty, funders need to adapt to a little discomfort.