Descriptive Study of Precursors to Sex Offending among 813 Boys and Girls: Antecedent Life Experiences

In order to understand the precursors to sexual offending among youth and the associated gender differences, the records of 813 sexually abusive children (659 boys and 154 girls) referred for an evaluation of their sexually inappropriate and coercive behavior were reviewed and coded. These children ranged in age from 3 to 18 when they committed their first hands-on offenses. All were under the care of the Massachusetts Department of Social Services either prior to or as a result of their behavior. Principle findings included: (1) a high proportion of girls (19 percent) in a sample of children flagged as sexually abusive to other children, (2) an exceptionally high base rate of severe maltreatment and associated clinical and psychiatric sequelae, and (3) girls were significantly more likely to be sexually abused, and when sexually abused the abuse lasted longer, was more severe, and involved more perpetrators. In addition, the girls were significantly more likely to witness domestic violence and to witness sexual deviance within the home. For all other types of abuse, there were no group differences, and (4) all of the children were subjected to a very high level of caregiver instability.     

文化冲突理论与青少年犯罪

“文化冲突”理论是犯罪学领域中的一种理论，它将文化冲突问题运用于研究犯罪成因。文化冲突存在于两个层面，即外表冲突与内心冲突，基本冲突与从属冲突。将文化冲突理论运用于研究青少年犯罪问题，不仅能够使我们认识到文化冲突是青少年犯罪的一个重要诱因，进而还能够在如何治理青少年犯罪的问题上得到有益的启发。影视剧分级制度能够从源头上解决一部分的文化冲突，从而减少青少年犯罪的可能性。     

在我国未成年人诉讼中引入刑事和解制度的理论基础及其合理性研究——以未成年犯作为特殊被害人为视角

将未成年人诉讼中的刑事和解制度的理论基础概括为被害人主体地位的回归、罪刑法定原则、罪刑相当原则从绝对到相对的理念转变以及恢复性理论、平衡理论或叙说理论都是存在问题的,为在我国的未成年人审判中引入刑事和解寻找一个坚实而科学的理论依据,尚需学界同仁的坚苦努力和不懈探索,在当前,可以暂且将在我国的未成年人诉讼中引入刑事和解的理论基础建构在合理性之上。     

论青少年知法、守法和用法的辩证关系

青少年主体行为控制必须履行法治原则。青少年主体知法、守法和用法的辩证统一 ,能为其形成良好的行为控制创造积极的条件 ,并促进良好社会秩序的建立。     

The fear of reprisal and the failure of victims to report a personal crime

Most people who fail to report their victimizations to the police state either that the incident was not serious enough to warrant official attention or that nothing could be done. However, a small proportion of victims states that they did not report because of their fear of reprisal. Based on National Crime Panel victimization data, the offense and personal characteristics of these victims are contrasted with the total victim and nonreporting victim populations. Contrary to the general reasons for not reporting a crime, several personal and offense characteristics are related to reprisal. For instance, reprisal is more often a factor in personal victimizations where victims are female and acquainted with their offenders. The more dangerous the incident, the more often reprisal is the stated reason for not calling the police. The results of the analysis strongly suggest that in certain social environments the fear of reprisal is a major factor in the reporting of crime.     

Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for moderate to high-risk offenders?

Electronic monitoring (EM) of offenders has been in use for just over two decades and motives for using it remain diverse. Some agencies that use EM attempt to deliver humane and affordable sanctions while others seek to relieve jail crowding or to avoid the construction of new jails. Nonetheless, all EM programs aim to suppress the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be instrumental in reducing long-term recidivism. This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous testing for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the review’s inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and combined for meta-analysis where appropriate. Given its continued and widespread use and the dearth of reliable information about its effects, the authors conclude that applications of EM as a tool for reducing crime are not supported by existing data. Properly controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM.     

未成年犯罪人非监禁处遇制度

未成年犯罪成为全球严重的社会问题,引起了世界各国的高度重视。未成年犯罪人非刑罚处遇制度作为一种针对少年违法犯罪进行特殊处理的制度,早已在世界上广泛适用。而我国由于诸多因素的影响,未成年犯罪人非刑罚处遇制度还没有形成一个统一的法律体系。在相关法律中增设专章,增加未成年犯的非监禁措施的种类,增设社会服务刑,发挥工读学校和少年法庭的积极作用,以达到有效预防及矫正未成年人犯罪的目的。     

未成年人刑事案件审查逮捕程序的改革

在未成年人刑事处理走向宽缓化趋势及审查逮捕程序改革的双重背景下,对未成年人刑事案件审查逮捕程序的改革价值在于推进刑事司法改革。文章从改革的背景谈起,对改革的价值、实务部门对改革进行的探索、针对改革探索的一些论争,进行了归纳梳理,进而对改革的进程提出相关建议。     

未成年人犯罪“防矫”模式的构建

我国未成年人犯罪现状堪忧。文章在分析未成年人犯罪成因的基础上,从预防与矫正的角度提出了对未成年人犯罪应采取的模式。建议制定《社区矫正法》,设立未成年人社区矫正专章;成立专门的未成年人犯罪社区矫正机构;组建专业的未成年人犯罪社区矫正队伍,建立有效的未成年人犯罪社区矫正预防措施。     

An investigation into the differentiating characteristics between car key burglars and regular burglars

Car key burglary has recently become the focus of empirical investigation as offenders, no longer able to steal vehicles without first obtaining their keys, resort to "burgling" target properties. Research surrounding the modus operandi of these offenses is beginning to emerge; however, little attention has been paid to investigating the characteristics of car key burglary offenders. Challenging the assumption that car key burglary offenses are perpetrated by regular burglars, this study aims to differentiate between offenders. Logistic regression analysis of 110 car key and 110 regular burglary offenders revealed that car key burglars are more likely to have previous vehicle theft convictions and are also more likely to be detected on information supplied to the police than regular burglars. Regular burglars are more likely to have previous shoplifting convictions. It was concluded that car key burglars are a distinct sample of offenders and the implications of these findings are discussed.