The legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ in the Province of Quebec

ABSTRACT

This article examines the legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ discourse in the Province of Quebec, Canada. It draws upon an analysis of 31 documents (legislation, research reports and articles, training documents, professional documents and media articles) and interviews with 13 key informants, who were selected based on their knowledge of ‘parental alienation’ in research, policies or practices. The research findings reveal that the legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ discourse is a more recent process than in other provinces and countries, but that it has now permeated child custody as well as child protection proceedings. Academic researchers and media have been instrumental in this legitimization and institutionalization process, while the role played by changes to child protection policies is more ambiguous. The findings reveal researchers’ and experts’ tendency to distance themselves from Gardner’s controversial work on ‘parental alienation syndrome’ and to address the critiques by proposing new approaches and new concepts. However, the terms ‘parental alienation syndrome’, ‘parental alienation’ and ‘alienating behaviours’ are often used interchangeably, and assessment practices tend to rely on similar indicators.     

A history of the use of the concept of parental alienation in the Australian family law system: contradictions,collisions and their consequences

ABSTRACT

This paper presents insights into the history and current deployment of the concept of parental alienation in the Australian family law system. It begins in 1989, when an article on parental alienation syndrome was first published in an Australian law journal. It then traces aspects of the socio-legal and social science research, gender politics, law reform and jurisprudence of the following 30 years, paying attention to moments of significant change. The impacts of major amendments that emphasise the desirability of post-separation shared parenting outcomes in 1996 and 2006 are specifically considered. More recently, in 2012, reforms intended to improve the family law system’s response to domestic and family violence were introduced. The history reveals an irreconcilable tension between the ‘benefit’ of ‘meaningful’ post-separation parent-child relationships and the protection of children from harm. When mothers’ allegations of violence in the family are disbelieved, minimised or dismissed, they are transformed from victims of abuse into perpetrators of abuse – alienators of children from their fathers. Their actions and attitudes collide with the shared parenting philosophy. This is arguably an inescapable consequence of a family law system that struggles to deal effectively with family violence in the context of a strong shared parenting regime.     

人性在权欲中的异化与权力中人性的无奈——电视剧《武则天》与《大明宫词》中“武则天”形象之比较

<武则天>、<大明宫词>是分别由陈家林、李少红导演的两部著名的历史题材电视剧,两者都以武则天传奇性的一生为刻画内容.仔细品味两部作品,我们能深刻体味到两位导演不同的主体意识在"武则天"这个人物形象中的渗透,前者着重描写的是人性在权欲中的异化,而后者表达的是权力中人性的无奈.     

转型期不同年龄劳动者报酬差异比较分析——以宁夏为个案

分析、比较农村和城镇不同年龄劳动者报酬表明,年龄与劳动报酬之间存在着显著的倒"U"型关系,农村劳动者36~40岁年龄段报酬最高,城镇劳动者41~45岁年龄段报酬最高。     

从“异化”角度解读现代社会风险

当今社会已经进入高风险社会,从马克思主义异化理论的视角来揭示现代风险社会的根源,指出人与科技,人与自然,人与社会,甚至人与其自身的异化,是造成当前社会科技风险、生态风险、信任危机、战争风险等的原因。而要消除异化,走出风险的困境,就必须要以科学发展观为指导,走和谐社会之路。     

论有限责任公司异议股东股份回购请求权

异议股东股份回购请求权发端于美国,为大多数国家的商事立法所采用,我国2005年《公司法》第七十五条也引入了该项制度。对于异议股东主体资格要件、适用情形、回购协议等问题,在适用法上,还有待斟酌,尚有深入研究的必要。可以通过设置相应的程序规定,引入豁免与转换机制,完善公示与监督制度,来防止异议股东股份回购请求权的异化。     

对让与担保制度的再思考

我国应在物权法中设立让与担保制度,将其作为独立的一章,置于典型担保之后,在让与担保的法律构成上,应采纳非典型担保物权的法律构成,在保护设定人的利益,解释在库商品让与担保和设定人取回权上更能符合逻辑的推演,也更能体现让与担保的担保特性。我国让与担保的标的应适应经济发展要求适用于企业担保、在库商品等构成分子流动的集合物,以及楼花按揭和新形成或尚在形成中的权利三类。在解决相应问题之后,让与担保制度在我国发挥其优势,为社会经济开辟一条融资的新渠道。     

以马克思主义为指导解决当前我国的利益冲突问题

马克思主义认为,利益冲突与一个国家的生产方式息息相关。在以异化和私有财产为基础的资本主义社会,不可能从根本上解决劳资关系紧张和利益冲突问题。改革开放后的我国在推进工业化和建设社会主义市场经济的过程中,出现了私有财产膨胀和资本关系泛滥的现象,导致社会关系异化,利益冲突严重。因此,要有效解决当前我国的利益冲突问题,就必须以马克思主义为指导,全面推进生产方式创新,标本兼治。而建立在公有制基础上的社会主义生产方式则是防止利益冲突的有效之道。     

以整容为例看女性身体的权力与异化

改革开放以来,随着我国经济的高速发展及中西方思想、文化的加速融合,我国女性的社会地位较之以往有了很大程度的提高及保障,但与此同时也产生了很多对女性的认知上的偏差,比如整容之风盛行的背后便是对于女性身体的过分重视。女性不断改变自身身体去制造一个受男性、为社会所喜爱的形象,这并不利于女性的自我发展和实现的,也不利于整个社会的和谐和发展。     

消费异化现象探析

消费本来是满足人们需要的手段,但在现代社会,消费的这一功能却异化了。消费异化带来能源浪费、生态危机和环境污染,不利于经济社会的可持续发展和人的全面自由发展。因此必须充分认识其危害性,探析其产生的原因,并积极采取措施加以防范。