农村宅基地使用权之法律研究

物权法草案明确规定,农村村民经分配取得宅基地使用权.宅基地使用权在本质上是属于土地使用权,将宅基地使用权规定为一类独立的用益物权形态,对于维护农民合法权益具有重要意义.但草案规定宅基地使用权不能单独转让,不得抵押,并禁止城镇居民在农村购置宅基地.这就基本上禁止了宅基地使用权的流转,其合理性有待商榷.     

农村土地产权股份制改革研究

我国经济体制改革已经进行了二十余年,国有企业改革已经获得了极大的成功,但是,关于农村土地产权制度改革依然困难重重,农村家庭联产承包经营责任制下各种土地权益矛盾的突出,农业的发展速度缓慢,引发了"三农"问题.土地产权国有化改革、土地产权私有化改革和土地产权股份合作制改革等设想难以真正解决农村土地问题的实质,在农业生产走向规模化、企业化和国际化道路上,农业经营的市场化和规模化倾向将越来越强,势必要求土地的规模经营和集约经营,使农村土地的流转更具有规模.这就要求农村产权制度必须进行股份制改革.     

论土地承包合同中的违约责任

长期以来,农民与土地的关系一直是以政策调整为主,受此影响,对于如何依法追究土地承包当事人的民事责任,无论是立法、司法还是学界都没有引起足够的重视。新的《土地承包法》虽然明确规定土地承包合同纠纷适用《合同法》,但合同当事人如何承担违约的民事责任依然没有明确规定。本文着重分析了当前土地承包合同中违反合同法基本原则的具体表现,以及立法上存在的内在冲突,由此导致在土地承包合同的法律实践中根本无法适用《合同法》追究违约方的民事责任。因此,必须尽快完善相关配套法律法规。     

我国高房价的成因与控制对策

目前,我国高房价已对经济的发展和社会的稳定造成影响,同时,高房价也造成了房价与收入比偏高、房地产空置率过高和房价租金比增大等问题。文章认为,高房价的原因是多方面的,应当从多角度着手来采取措施。当务之急解决高房价的问题应从两个方面着手：一是宏观调控房地产市场,防止房地产出现过多泡沫;二是加大经济适用房与廉租房建设,解决中低收入家庭的居住问题。为此,政府应出台相应的政策约束房地产商的行为,宏观调控、科学决策、正确引导．确保房地产稳定发展。     

公共安全支出对陆疆国防支出影响的实证研究——基于陆疆9省(区)的面板数据

以陆疆9省(区) 2007-2016年国防支出与公共安全支出的面板数据作为样本数据,采用最大似然估计方法对短面板数据进行了随机效应回归分析,结果发现,公共安全支出对陆疆9省(区)国防支出具有显著性作用,陆疆经济发展水平制约着陆疆国防支出。公共安全支出与陆疆国防支出呈现负相关关系。陆疆安全稳定在一定程度上受到了城乡差距的影响。地方财政支出与国防支出的关系为正,财政支出的增加能为国防支出提供更多支持,但并不显著,说明地方财政支出对国防支出影响因子较小,国防支出在陆疆安全上有一个比较稳定的投入,也印证了陆疆国防支出与地方经济发展的关系。陆疆国防支出的增加对犯罪率的下降有促进作用,社会犯罪行为是陆疆另一个社会稳定影响的因素,一些国际犯罪、宗教类犯罪行为会影响陆疆国防安全。     

农户承包集体土地合同上的财产关系

关于集体土地的各种问题是法学界长期热议的问题,其中农户承包集体土地合同是一种新型合同,民法需要解决的是该种合同的性质和依据这种合同取得的财产权的性质,以及依据性质定位建立健全对其保护的机制与具体制度。从历史演进的角度厘清农户承包集体土地合同的基本法律关系,进而对这种合同以及依据合同所取得的财产权的性质以及财产权的主体关系进行分析和整理,并在此基础上探寻这种合同制度整体适用的统一原则和规范,是解决问题的关键。     

Food Import Dependency in Cuba: Still the ‘Achilles’ Heel of the Revolution'?

The ‘Special Period in Peacetime’ plunged Cuba into an austerity programme of great severity. The crisis forced agriculture to shift dramatically from a model based on trade dependency (sugar exports providing most of the foreign currency) to one prioritising food import substitution. This alternative brought about major transformations in the country's agriculture. It revolutionised food production and decentralised land ownership. This article asks whether or not these changes reduced food dependency in Cuba. It provides an updated picture of Cuba's food import dependency, with a particular emphasis on the increased role of small farmers in food production during the 2000s.     

Juvenile convicts and their colonial familial lives

Convicts were transported from Britain to Van Diemen’s Land from 1803 until 1853. Approximately 10 000–13 000 juveniles were among the 148 000 convicts transported. This article has traced the lives of female and male juvenile convicts transported, who were sentenced at the Old Bailey (the Central Criminal Court in London), and voyaged to Van Diemen’s Land. By exploring individual lives, and contextualising their experiences, it is possible to go beyond the circumstances of offending–through to their punishment period, to their lives upon release. This article will focus on one aspect of juvenile convict lives post-transportation–their familial life. The method of nominal record-linkage has been used across a variety of criminal and non-criminal records (including civil records and newspapers) in order to build up a picture of these young offenders. Going beyond the institution and focusing directly on female and male juveniles is important in understanding the lives of this unique group. From the behaviour of the juvenile convicts themselves, to the decisions of the administrators and the conditions of the penal colony into which they were thrust; were these female and male juvenile convicts able to form ‘settled’ colonial lives and which factors inhibited or facilitated this process?     

Occupancy rights: life planners and the Navajos

ABSTRACT

This Comment focuses on the limitations of Stilz’s individualist conception of occupancy rights. Her account of occupancy is critical to her attempt to answer the question of where one holds territorial rights as well as related place-related rights like the right of return. Her account appeals to the geographical location of individual life plans. This Comment argues that this fails to distinguish between Indigenous People who are connected historically and in many other ways to a place and individual Life-Planners: it treats the two as equivalent, which I argue is counter-intuitive. I also argue that Stilz’s occupancy account fails to explain the scope of occupancy rights in a number of cases that she appeals to in her examples, such as the Navajos’ expulsion from the area in which they lived. What she needs, I argue, is a group based conception of occupancy rights, in addition to the idea of individual rights of residency.     

关于增设“串通竞买罪”的立法建议

国有土地使用权出让的招标、拍卖、挂牌及国有、集体资产拍卖是我国在总结国有土地使用权拍卖和招投标实践基础上的拓展和创新,而串通竞买行为就是在挂牌出让等过程中竞买人相互串通竞买报价,用串通的方式对抗、减少竞争,以相对低价取得国有土地使用权,最终损害出让人即国家的利益。而现行《刑法》对串通投标罪的规定,难以涵盖和规制日益翻新的危害行为。因此,有必要从遵循刑法内在规律和严密刑事法网的角度出发,对刑法条文予以创新构造,以期对打击与防范国有土地和国有资产转让中的犯罪行为有所裨益。