新农村建设中耕地实行适度规模经营存在的问题及对策

发展多种形式的适度规模经营，既是对土地承包经营责任制的进一步完善，也是对土地承包经营方式的再创新。农村耕地实行适度规模经营是生产力发展的必然趋势。农村耕地可采取土地入股、租赁、转包、互换、土地使用权的转让、土地使用权上交国家等方式推进土地使用权流转，实现土地使用权集中。在实行农村耕地适度规模经营的同时，必须解决好一些与之相关的问题，农村耕地才能顺利实现适度规模经营。     

中国城市化过程中的农村征地问题

在中国城市化快速发展的过程中,大量城郊土地被征用。在当前城市就业压力大、社会保障制度还不健全的情况下,农民失去土地就意味着失去了基本的生存和养老保障。如果不对他们进行合理补偿和妥善安置,使农民既失地又失业,就会引发严重的失地农民问题,从而影响城乡社会的稳定和经济发展。解决农村征地问题的关键是要改革现行的农村征地制度。     

远东联邦区土地私有化的发展

在俄罗斯私有化改革已经进行了十多年,但土地私有化一直是非常复杂的问题之一,人们对土地私有化的看法不一。普京总统执政后,俄终于彻底解决了这个问题,土地可以自由买卖了。远东联邦区的土地私有化速度比其他地区慢一些,也遇到了一些问题。     

试析我国农村集体土地征收法律制度的完善——以农民权益保护为视角

土地征收制度,是世界各国为发展社会公共事业而设的一种法律制度,我国实行的是土地社会主义公有制,土地所有权的主体是国家和集体。随着我国城市化进程的加快,越来越多的集体土地被征收。在国家经济飞速发展的今天,农民成了中国经济发展的最大义务承受者。本文以农村土地的征收现状为基础,分析其中存在的问题,以期在法律制度上为保护农民利益提供一些帮助。     

农村土地流转市场的关系逻辑及其再生产机制 ——基于C县T村个案的经验研究

农村土地流转是乡村振兴的关键着力点。以个案为研究对象,分析社会关系网络在农村土地流转市场中的表现与作用机制,说明"关系脱嵌"是关系再生产的内在动因,"强关系"比"弱关系"更有利于促进农村土地流转。在关系媒介和人际互动等因素综合作用下,"弱关系"可在一定程度上转化为"强关系"。依附于关系媒介的农地流转市场并不是理性、健康的市场,应回归制度理性,以推动构建统一、公平的农村土地流转市场体系。     

农民市民化进程中的角色转换——以浙江省淳安县失地农民为例

淳安县在推进城镇化进程中出现了大量因土地被征用而产生的失地农民,他们在市民化角色转换过程中面临生活水平下降、就业难等现实困境,遇到社会保障制度缺失等制度政策上的约束以及文化价值观念的影响等障碍,应通过制度创新保障他们实现市民化角色转换;通过观念调整帮助他们实现市民化角色转换;通过政府支持引导他们实现市民化角色转换。     

城镇国有土地使用权出让合同性质研究

城镇国有土地出让合同的性质是民事合同抑或行政合同的争论在理论界从未停止，实践中对于其性质的认定也各有不同。通过对比分析了西方及我国关于行政合同的基本特征可以得出结论：我国国有土地使用权出让合同并不是行政合同。在国有土地使用权出让过程中，土地行政主管部门拥有双重身份，这就决定了其行为的民事和行政的两种性质，两者不可混淆。明确了此种区分，通过案例分析的方法，结合实现合同价值以及合同基本理论，国有土地使用权出让合同应当认定为民事合同。     

Oligarchs,megafarms and land reserves: understanding land grabbing in Russia

This paper seeks to unravel the political economy of large-scale land acquisitions in post-Soviet Russia. Russia falls neither in the normal category of ‘investor’ countries, nor in the category of ‘target’ countries. Russia has large ‘land reserves’, since in the 1990s much fertile land was abandoned. We analyse how particular Russia is with regards to the common argument in favour of land acquisitions, namely that land is available, unused or even unpopulated. With rapid economic growth, capital of Russian oligarchs in search of new frontiers, and the 2002 land code allowing land sales, land began to attract investment. Land grabbing expands at a rapid pace and in some cases, it results in dispossession and little or no compensation. This paper describes different land acquisitions strategies and argues that the share-based land rights distribution during the 1990s did not provide security of land tenure to rural dwellers. Emerging rural social movements try to form countervailing powers but with limited success. Rich land owners easily escape the implementation of new laws on controlling underutilized land, while there is a danger that they enable eviction with legal measures of rural dwellers. In this sense Russia appears to be a ‘normal’ case in the land grab debate.     

Power and dispossession in the neoliberal food regime: oil palm expansion in Guatemala

ABSTRACT

Guatemala’s palm oil production has surged in line with the global demand for biodiesel and vegetable oil production. While corporate land grabs have been a popular concept in agrarian studies, we emphasize the integral roles of the state and racially-charged political power relations, enhanced by the neoliberal food regime. These power relations, with racism at their core, foster land control grabs occurring alongside the rise of the palm oil industry. Their effects extend beyond merely the dispossession of land. The oil palm expansion and related dispossessions mostly benefit the international markets and the wealthy ruling class comprised of creole descendants and affluent ladinos. The soaring industry has given rise to human rights violations and a lack of access to or control of various resources, such as food and water. Based on fieldwork, we show that dispossessed Guatemalans, especially the indigenous, experience rising poverty, domestic food shortages and an influx of foreign foodstuffs as the meagrely paid work in the oil palm sector is only available for the few.