Precontractual Duties of Disclosure: A Comparative and Economic Perspective

If during precontractual negotiations a person deliberately keeps quiet about facts which he knew or should have known were of particular importance to the other party that party may avoid the contract on the ground of deceit if, and only if, a duty of disclosure can be found to exist. What are the conditions that must be satisfied to assume the existence of such a duty of disclosure? The European legal systems merely offer vague formulas with little or no operational power. Can economic theory provide more precise criteria? The general principle should be that a negotiating party must proffer information in his possession which is material to the other party's decision. However, economic analysis suggests that a party should be allowed to withhold material information if the information is “productive” and was costly to obtain unless its acquisition and disclosure were owed under a contract for value. These rules are discussed in the light of a number of cases from various European jurisdictions.     

劳动合同中的解约金问题研究

劳动合同是一种特殊类型的合同 ,当这一合同的一方当事人解除合同时 ,另一方当事人所遭受的损害难以事先预见。在这种情况下 ,合同中的解约金条款就缺乏合理的基础 ,也容易引起争议。为此 ,应当根据劳动合同的性质和特点对解约金的产生、表现形态和性质进行研究 ,从而找出解决有关争议的妥善办法。     

FOB价格条件下托运人的认定

FOB条件下托运人和卖方是不同合同关系的主体,从而产生不同的民事责任。如果将卖方的名称写入提单托运人一栏,则卖方取得托运人的地位。这也是和提单的文义性的要求和物权效力相适应的。对此应依据《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》、《汉堡规则》等惯例进行解释,进而完善我国《海商法》对海事主体概念和责任的规范。     

试论城市私有房屋拆迁补偿安置协议

近年来,在司法实践中,如何正确处理房屋拆迁中所涉及的各种法律关系,如何妥善的对被拆迁人进行合理的拆迁安置补偿,都是非常急需解决的问题。而要妥善解决城市私有房屋拆迁问题,又离不开拆迁补偿协议。本文根据我国的现有法律法规就城市私有房屋拆迁补偿协议的性质、内容等谈谈自己的看法。也期待能与同行们取得共识。     

Contract farming and the reorganisation of agricultural production within the Chókwè Irrigation System,Mozambique

This paper contributes to the discussion about ‘inclusive business models’ as alternatives to large-scale land acquisitions by analysing a case in which a foreign agribusiness investor, within an impact investment paradigm, acquired and rehabilitated a rice processing plant in Chókwè, Mozambique. A contract farming programme drawn up to source raw produce for the factory led to radical shifts in control over land and water resources. The case is set against the background of a large-scale irrigation system that has played an important role in national agricultural policies since colonial times. The private sector-led development approach is strongly supported by the state which portrays it as an opportunity to reduce its dependency on rice imports. The investor redirected the benefits of land and water use through taking a role of coordination and control within the irrigated production system.

The ensuing rural transformation reminds one of earlier periods in the development of the irrigation system: the central control over production, and the very high level of agricultural inputs and mechanisation, remind one of the state socialist period, while the removal of smallholders from their land and its concentration in the hands of a few bears a strong resemblance to the scheme's establishment under colonial rule.     

网络消费者合同的法律适用

现行跨国消费者合同的法律适用的规则,以罗马公约、美国为代表的规定比较灵活.网络的开放性、虚拟性、技术性等特征,使得网络消费者合同产生法律冲突问题,值得进一步研究.     

侵权责任与违约责任的竞合

侵权责任与违约责任发生竞合的原因是两种责任的对立与同一,侵权责任与违约责任竞合现象在法学界存在三种理论即法条竞合说、请求竞合说、请求权规范竞合说.责任竞合最终表现为法律规范的竞合,问题的焦点最终要归结到法律适用上.     

契约论、市场经济与警察角色

警察角色的内涵主要是由政治文化来决定的.而决定政治文化的最根本力量在于特定社会的经济条件,因此,当经济形态发生变化时,政治文化也会或早或迟地发生相应的变化,从而影响警察角色的变化.本文从政治文化(契约论)、市场经济对警察角色的作用入手分析警察角色的规范化问题,认为由于市场经济具有契约性,所以从计划经济向市场经济转变,要求警察角色必须发生相应的变化.     

关于治安承包合法性的理性分析

治安承包主要有二种不同的形式,一是治安防范承包,二是治安管理承包。其中对治安管理承包有不同的认识,有人认为,治安管理权是国家公权力,只有公安机关可依法行使;有人认为,治安管理承包是公安工作群众路线的继承和发展,可以全面推行并在实践中不断完善。笔者试图从新公共管理理论．行政委托和行政合同理论等三个角度分析治安承包的合法性。     

关于无效合同确认的若干问题

无效合同的确认是合同法理论和司法实践中的重要问题。尽管我国民法通则、合同法对无效合同的确认标准做了原则性规定 ,但在实务中仍存在一些模糊的认识和作法。论文结合审判实践和立法规定 ,深入地探讨了确认无效合同应注意的几个问题 ,更加清晰地划清相关问题之间的界限 ,有利于更好地指导审判实践。