Assessing the G77: 50 years after unctad and 40 years after the nieo

This article views the history of the Group of 77 through the lens of its relations with unctad’s establishment in 1964, its unsuccessful struggle for the nieo in the 1970s, and the subsequent loosening of ties. The debt crisis of the 1980s, the Uruguay Round negotiations, and the arrival of the wto are seen as crucial forces unravelling the previously close links. Growing differentiation among developing countries and the changing leadership of the G77 are also cited as important influences on its current relationship with unctad.     

Three decades of agrarian reform in Zimbabwe

This article examines the empirical facts about the actual outcome of Zimbabwe's land reform, based on years of field research. It shows that the popular assumption about failed land reform in Zimbabwe is wrong on several counts: the character of Zimbabwe's land reform has been redistributive, and the extent of this has been wide enough to trigger significant progressive changes in the agrarian structure. This is despite some elites having benefited from the process and foreign-owned agro-industrial estates and conservancies being retained. The distribution of land among land reform beneficiaries has been relatively uneven, with some receiving larger land allocations than others, and this in turn influenced the differentiated access of these groups to farming services and infrastructure. Yet the productivity of small producers has grown slowly with output escalating recently. Three decades of land reform has recast land-based social relations in important ways, with the poor gaining more than previously believed.     

The role of rural indebtedness in the evolution of capitalism

Few studies have attempted to systematize the broader consequences of ordinary indebtedness – the inevitable other side of credit. My purpose here is to suggest four preliminary theses on the role of indebtedness in the evolution of capitalism, with special reference to the rural sphere. I argue that across time and space, credit/debt relations have not only been a key factor behind social differentiation through the control of land, labour and capital (Thesis I). They have also fostered market discipline by forcing the borrower – whether a poor peasant or a company manager – to calculate, pay, trade, work, intensify (Thesis II). Interest-bearing and guarantee-based loans have thus generated pressures for economic growth, short-termism and innovations, but have also undermined traditional community bonds and environmental conditions (Thesis III). Through its remarkable reward-or-punish nature, the credit/debt couple represents a powerful mechanism of social selection that has, in the long run, crucially shaped the evolution of capitalism (Thesis IV).     

女性劳动力市场两极化的劳动经济学分析

通过对女性二元劳动力市场中两极的代表群体——下岗再就业女性和高层白领女性的工作生活状态和心理状况的描述分析及对比,阐述了二元劳动力市场中女性在各个方面的分化,并从劳动经济学角度,结合制度结构、权力关系以及社会文化习俗等视角探讨了分化的原因和影响。     

浅析社会转型期的国家自主性构建——以利益群体分化为视角

在目前利益群体分化的背景下,中国国家自主性建设要达到防止政府俘获,发挥国家作用,促进国家发展,维护社会公正的目的。为此,建设国家自主性的措施包括加强政府自身建设,在政府与强势利益群体间建立明晰的组织边界,建立弱势群体利益表达机制,建立利益群体的利益和思想整合机制等。     

鸡毒支原体强弱毒株LAMP可视化鉴别检测方法的建立

为建立一种能鉴别鸡毒支原体强弱毒株的快速检测方法,根据GenBank中鸡毒支原体S6株的16SrRNA基因序列和F弱毒疫苗株假定的α磷酸海藻糖酶基因序列,设计2套环介导等温扩增引物,建立了鸡毒支原体强弱毒株的环介导等温扩增可视化鉴别检测方法。该方法的敏感性可达10fg,是常规PCR方法的100倍,对其他鸡常见病原体的检测结果均为阴性。全部反应只需一个可控温的水浴锅在1h内即可完成,通过肉眼观察颜色直接判定结果。本研究建立的环介导等温扩增方法简便、快速、灵敏、特异,是一种适于基层工作站的鸡毒支原体强、弱毒株鉴别检测方法。     

Managing Autonomy: Analyzing Arts Management and Artistic Autonomy through the Theory of Justification

Arts management has commonly been analyzed as a microcosm of the art field, in which struggles between artistic, economic, administrative, and societal considerations are constantly being fought. Using the field theory of Bourdieu, scholars have attempted to uncover levels of functional differentiation within arts organizations, and interpreted differentiation between artistic considerations and economic and administrative considerations as a core element in defining the artistic autonomy of such organizations. In this article, I present an alternative approach to the interpretation of artistic autonomy in arts management. Through the stories of three artistic directors and the way in which they run their theatres, I aim to show the theory of justification (developed by Boltanski and Thévenot) and shed new light on the interpretation of arts management, as well as on the understanding of artistic autonomy more generally.     

QUESTIONS ABOUT FAMILY COURT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT

Increasingly, family courts are seeking ways to focus limited resources on cases that require the most intervention, tailor court responses and dispute methods to each case, and account for the real differences among domestic violence cases. One of the means to that end may be the triaging or screening of cases. This article raises a number of questions about screening and urges that they be addressed by courts and communities that are considering whether and how to design a screening protocol. Issues include: How should we define domestic violence for the purposes of screening? Who should carry out the screening? How can we maximize the likelihood that we will fully assess the context of the violence in each case? How should we assess the risks or dangers inherent in the parties’ situation? How should a screening effort account for changing circumstances as a case proceeds through the courts? How can information gathered in a screening effort improperly impact subsequent decisions of the court?     

试论农民分化与新农村建设

改革开放以来，由于生产资料所有制的变化、市场经济的发展以及城乡二元结构的松动，原来同质性很高的农民群体发生了严重的分化。新农村建设必须要充分地考虑到农民分化的现状，努力化解农民分化带来的问题，只有如此才能建设一个和谐的新农村。     

猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中RETN基因的表达

为探讨猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中抵抗素基因(RETN)表达水平的变化规律,从1日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织分离前脂肪细胞,于DMEM/F12培养基中培养3、5、7、10d后收获细胞。通过油红O染色法观察前脂肪细胞分化,并用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测前脂肪细胞分化过程中RETN基因表达水平的变化。结果,在前脂肪细胞分化过程中,RETN基因表达水平显著下降(P<0.01),细胞形态亦发生相应变化,即细胞变圆,细胞内脂肪滴体积增大。结果表明,RETN基因与前脂肪细胞脂肪代谢调节有关,其表达水平下调能促进前脂肪细胞分化。