对犯罪的经济和长效分析

犯罪人和普通人一样 ,都是为了谋取正当利益的“经济人” ,但犯罪人采取了恶的手段 ,他们认为采取这种手段可行、轻松、有效。分析各类犯罪 ,恶的手段虽然经常能暂时性地取得重大的成功 ,但从经济和长效的角度分析 ,恶的手段不是非常有效 ,恶的手段主要在使受害者遭受痛苦上有效 (根据量度差 ) ,作为获取利益的手段则是既昂贵又无效。恶人们过于关注短期因素 ,忽视长期因素 ,缘于他们内控机制的失灵。     

从两个典型案例谈抢夺凶器缉捕的原则与方法

在缉捕可能持有凶器之敌的过程中,其程序应该按照“接近抓捕对象———强制性口令———控制缉捕对象———搜查后迅速押离现场”步骤进行,缉捕方法应该做到部署周密,指挥统一,伪装巧妙,接近隐蔽,包围控制,配合默契,行动突然,快速简练。     

催眠术在刑事侦查中的运用

刑事侦查中的催眠系运用催眠年龄退化的技巧,使被催眠者重新体验过去某一时间曾发生的事件,以增强记忆的侦查方法。一般认为,该侦查方法只可对被害人和目击证人采用,不得针对犯罪嫌疑人使用。在运用该侦查方法时必须严格遵守侦查催眠纲要。     

The trade‐offs in developing public affairs metrics

This paper examines the place of metrics in the assessment of a corporation's public affairs practice. It describes how public affairs metrics are situated in the larger context of organisational performance assessment, examines the range of metrics available to the CPA practitioner, and identifies the critical trade‐offs associated with why public affairs metrics utilisation has not achieved the level of application that some experts have encouraged. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications     

新公共管理面临的挑战、批评和替代模式

新公共管理(new public management)是70年代以来的“行政改革”浪潮中的重要实践和理论。由理论基础、核心价值与思想、操作规则与手段三个层次构成。学们围绕这三个层次，对其进行了广泛的批评。如年代以来的治理(governance)，对新公共管理的理论基础、核心价值与思想、操作规则与手段三个层次，进行了全面超越与替代。     

罪犯改造质量评估模式研究

罪犯改造质量是指罪犯经过一定时间的改造达到的守法公民的程度。从矫正技术的角度认识罪犯改造质量评估,对改革监狱工作具有重要的意义。在现代社会条件下,监狱不仅是专政的机关,更重要的是刑罚执行机关。对罪犯的改造状况进行科学的评估,必须走出监狱机关“泛政治化”的窠臼,必须摆脱传统的评价罪犯改造质量的经验型、主观性和理想化的模式。从矫正技术的视角来研究罪犯改造质量评估,关键是把评估数量化,最大限度地减少人们主观的干扰。目前的问题是要改革监狱工作的体制、机制,提高监狱人民警察的职业化程度。     

Comparison of Different Analytical Methods for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Postmortem Blood

The determination of carbon monoxide (CO) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is of utmost importance in forensic toxicology to determine the cause of death in cases of CO poisoning, fire, and explosions. To this end, reliable and updated analytical methods are required. In this paper, four different methods for the determination of carbon monoxide in postmortem blood samples were compared: (i) the spectrophotometric determination of COHb applying the method proposed by Rodkey and modified by Beutler–West, (ii) the spectrophotometric determination of CO using a micro-diffusion-based method, (iii) the determination of CO by gas chromatography coupled to a TCD detector, and (iv) the determination of COHb by blood gas analysis. Three postmortem blood samples were analyzed with all methods, and the results were comparable. The applied methodologies showed different features depending on the sensitivity, sample preparation, and volume. The HS-GC/TCD method in our hand was the most appropriate, on postmortem samples, and versatile to apply. Unfortunately, only a limited number of postmortem blood samples were available for this study due to the rarity of that kind of intoxication in our jurisdiction.     

Party effects on total and disaggregated welfare spending: A mixed-effects approach

Welfare is the largest expenditure category in all advanced democracies. Consequently, much literature has studied partisan effects on total and policy-specific welfare expenditure. Yet, these results cannot be trusted: the methodological standard is to apply time-series cross-section regressions to annual observation data. But governments hardly change annually. Thus, the number of observations is artificially inflated, leading to incorrect estimates. While this problem has recently been acknowledged, it has not been convincingly resolved. This article proposes mixed-effects models (also known as ‘multilevel models’ or ‘hierarchical models’) as a solution, which allows decomposing variance into different levels and permits complex cross-classification data structures. It is argued that mixed-effects models combine the strengths of existing methodological approaches while alleviating their weaknesses. Empirically, partisan effects on total and on disaggregated expenditure in 23 OECD countries in the period 1960–2012 are studied using several measures of party preferences and revealing several substantially relevant findings.     

The importance of discretion for welfare services to minorities: Examining workload and anti-immigration attitudes

Migration influx in Western countries resulting in increasingly diverse societies results in more complex situations for bureaucrats in their client interactions in welfare organizations. The role of discretion for services to clients has received much attention in the public administration research and therefore this study explores the relation among perceived workload, anti-immigration attitudes, perceived discretion, and perceived difficulty in working with migrants. The paper examines the function of perceived discretion as moderator or mediator variable in this constellation. The relations are examined by using structural equation modelling based on a survey among Swedish welfare bureaucrats (N = 1,319). The results show that heavier perceived workload increased the likelihood of experiencing work with migrants as difficult and that greater perceived discretion decreased the likelihood of experiencing work with migrants as difficult. The results suggest that perceived discretion functions as a mediator for the relation between perceived workload and difficulty in work with migrants: potentially functioning as a ‘buffer’ for organizational pressure. We also found that bureaucrats who hold negative attitudes towards migrants were more likely to express their work with migrants as more difficult. This paper contributes to the public administration literature by increasing our knowledge on how discretion has significance in relation to when bureaucrat's behaviour is determined by specific organizational and personal factors.     

Geomatic techniques in forensic science: A review

The purpose of this review paper is to highlight various geomatic techniques that crime scene reconstructionists or forensic practitioners can use to document different kinds of scenes, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and when best to use each technology. This paper explores geomatic techniques such as a total station, photogrammetry, laser scanners and structured light scanners and how they can be used to reconstruct crime scenes. The goal of this paper is not to discredit manual methods, as they are long standing and reliable, but instead to shed light on alternative methods that may produce equally or more accurate results with a more visually appealing final product. It is important for law enforcement and forensic professionals to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, knowing when certain techniques should be used (and when they should not), and being able to revert to traditional methods if required.