Rural women migrant returnees in contemporary China

This essay focuses on the experiences of female returnees in rural–urban migration in contemporary China. Based on in-depth interviews with women migrants, returnees, their family members, friends and fellow villagers in both sending and receiving areas, the research examines rural migrant women's return migration process. It investigates rural migrant women's decision-making in the process, the ways women returnees construct their lives in the countryside, their identity negotiation as returnees and the impact of patriarchy on women's experiences of the return and resettlement process. The author argues that despite women's active involvement in migration and the ‘empowerment and agency’ gained through migration, the patriarchal power relations within rural households remain intact and continue to shape rural female returnees' life in their villages.     

From cultural sojourner to guestworker? The historical transformation and contemporary significance of the J-1 visa Summer Work Travel Program

Since the mid-1990s, the J-1 Summer Work Travel (SWT) program has quadrupled in size. While many J-1 visa holders are in the U.S. to study or conduct research, the primary activity of SWT participants is low-wage labor. We analyze the trajectory of the SWT program since its origins in the Fulbright-Hays Act, underscoring both change and continuity in the practical and discursive handling of what are, in effect, guestworkers. Our analysis reveals both longstanding concerns about the SWT program’s risks to foreign and domestic workers, as well as repeated efforts by U.S. government officials and private sector stakeholders to justify its status as cultural exchange rather than temporary work. Yet despite these concerns, over the last two decades, the SWT program has become larger and less regulated. We explore these changes in the context of two contending forces shaping the labor market: on the demand side, a transformation in the organization of work towards ‘fissured’ workplaces and contingent employment, and, on the supply side, limited access to foreign labor due to political gridlock over comprehensive immigration reform. We conclude that the SWT program both reflects broader trends in managed migration and embodies the model of flexible migrant labor many employers now demand.     

台湾的印尼客家新娘——海外客家人的社会变迁之二

客家人常说"人往高处走,水往低处流",这句俗语也许可以用来解释客家人为什么喜欢不断地迁徙。客家人到了海外之后,还会不断地迁徙,促使他们不断地迁徙的原因固然很多,追求更加美好的生活应该是其中最重要的动因。在目前的台湾,有大量的印尼客家新娘,她们为什么要像父辈那样,再一次跋山涉水,移民台湾?她们追求什么?她们在台湾的生活状况如何?     

高考移民的法律控制

高考移民现象破坏了正常的教育考试秩序,反映了我国教育深层次的缺陷。目前各地采取的封堵措施主要立足于维护正常的教育秩序、制裁惩罚考生。我们认为,解决这一问题的正确方法是,修改完善宪法,加强立法,注重运用司法手段监督制约行政行为和保护考生的权利。     

宁夏生态移民工程中教育资源合理配置问题研究——基于银川市生态移民新村教育发展现状的调研

生态移民工程是一项具有重要战略意义和深远历史意义的民生工程与民心工程。在生态移民实施过程中许多移民新村新建了多所设施一流的中小学校。但由于所处区位、办学历史、人员编制等众多因素影响,这些学校在管理水平、办学质量特别是教师队伍配置上还存在一些矛盾与问题,切实解决好这些问题是使教育更好地服从和服务于生态移民战略工程实施的关键。     

Social Capital,Migration and Development in the Valles Centrales of Oaxaca,Mexico: Non‐Migrants and Communities of Origin Matter

This article investigates the importance of place‐of‐origin communities to an understanding of the impact of migrant remittances on local development, employing the concept of social capital. Two aspects of social capital (each present prior to migration) are shown to be of significance–family relationships and community organisation. Drawing on recent research in two peasant communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, social capital is used to examine the relevance of non‐migrants in shaping the outcomes of migration in communities of origin. Evaluation of migrant remittances and home‐town associations demonstrates the developmental significance of non‐migrants and communities of origin.     

‘It’s a Limited Kind of Happiness': Barriers to Achieving Human Well‐being among Peruvian Migrants in London and Madrid

This article examines migrants' self‐reported experiences via application of human well‐being approaches to deepen exploration of the barriers that migrants themselves identify in achieving their goals and getting their needs met. A focus on the construction of human well‐being can potentially provide a more holistic approach to debates on international migration. Discussions have focused on labour market integration, paying less emphasis to migrants as social agents and the psychosocial elements that they consider important for achieving human well‐being. This article applies human well‐being approaches to assess the barriers that Peruvian migrants identify in the contexts of London and Madrid.     

武汉城市圈户籍制度现状及改革构想

武汉城市圈的户籍制度改革对于推动圈内的经济发展及实现中部崛起的战略具有重要意义。目前武汉城市圈内各城市间的户籍制度存在差异、人户分离现象严重,公民的许多权益难以保障,城市化进程受阻,因而应从渐次放宽户口迁移限制、健全以居住地为主的户口登记制度,推进城市圈内人口信息现代化的进程,使武汉城市圈户籍制度改革更臻完善。     

Soft and hard law in times of crisis: budget monitoring,migration and cybersecurity

Abstract

European integration is associated with the idea of an ‘ever closer Union’, achieved in part through ‘integration-through-crisis’. However, while crises have led to higher regulatory pressure, responses to these crises have not always taken the form of stronger commitments and legally binding rules. Based on the study of three policy areas recently affected by crises, this article aims at analysing why in one of these policies (migration) more soft rules have been adopted, while the two other policies have evolved towards a greater use of hard law (budget monitoring, cybersecurity). Three potential explanations are analysed: the intensity of crises impacting political systems; the quality of prior norms and their (perceived) implementation; the entrepreneurship and heterogeneity of the coalition. Although all of these factors have explanatory powers, the capacity of policy entrepreneurs to build a large coalition appears to be the central explanation.