基于案例推理的刑侦决策支持系统应用研究

刑侦领域的专家其知识很多是描述性和经验性的,难以用数学模型进行精确描述,这给刑侦决策支持系统的构建带来了很大的困难。利用数据仓库和数据挖掘技术,构建基于案例推理技术的刑侦决策支持系统,将刑侦工作中半结构化和非结构化问题进行简化,使得刑侦决策问题更直观和易于理解,从而为刑侦决策者提供支持和帮助。     

Preventing discrimination in the automated targeting of job advertisements

On the background of the increasing amount of discriminatory challenges facing artificial intelligence applications, this paper examines the requirements that are needed to comply with European non-discrimination law to prevent discrimination in the automated online job advertising business. This paper explains under which circumstance the automated targeting of job advertisements can amount to direct or indirect discrimination. The paper concludes with technical recommendations to dismantle the dangers of automated job advertising. Various options like influencing the pre-processing of big data and altering the algorithmic models are evaluated. This paper also examines the possibilities of using techniques like data mining and machine learning to actively battle direct and indirect discrimination. The European non-discrimination directives 2000/43/EC, 2000/78/EC, and 2006/54/EC which prohibit direct and indirect discrimination in the field of employment on the grounds of race or ethnic origin, sex, sexual orientation, religious belief, age and disability are used as a legal framework.     

采矿权应归属自物权而不属准物权 --与《准物权研究》的作者商榷

采矿权属准物权,从理论上使国家矿产所有权失踪了,实践中是国有资产流失的暗道.采矿权归属准物权的根本原因是客体的模糊性其客体被矿业权淹灭了、被抽象的矿产资源虚化了、被特许的公权力压迫着.<准物权研究>在这一方面出现了认识上的障碍.实质上采矿权的客体是从地壳中分离前的矿产,清晰地裸露着,因此,应当大胆承认采矿权是自物权.     

数据挖掘与侦查情报分析

通常人们把原始数据看作是知识的源泉。随着数据库技术和网络技术的迅猛发展 ,越来越多的数据信息积累起来。如何进一步分析和研究数据信息 ,并从中发现有用的知识 ,已成为信息化社会所面临的重要问题。数据挖掘就是近年发展起来的深层次的数据分析技术。本文简要介绍了数据挖掘的概念、任务、方法及过程 ,并对数据挖掘在侦查情报分析中的应用进行了探讨。     

Whose Development? How Women Living Near the Yanacocha Mine,Peru, Envision Potential Futures

Among women opposing expansion of mining operations in Cajamarca, Peru, narratives of preferred alternatives diverge: from sustainable mining to alternative economic development, to more radical alternatives to ‘development’. In these accounts, both the women's relative powerlessness and agency become apparent. This article critically explores women's views of development and their imaginings of their region with or without mining. I argue that those who opposed mining show a continuing engagement with questions of development in the aftermath of conflict over natural resource extraction, highlighting a common thread of desires for bottom-up initiatives embracing local knowledge, practice and history.     

我国矿区环境保护的法律思考

环境保护是矿区生态协调稳定和资源可持续利用的重要保证.但是由于现行的矿区环境法律体制不健全,法律制度不完善,法律难以得到有效的实施,矿区环境问题十分严重.为此,应通过建立严格的矿区环境准入机制,严格的矿业权许可制度,建立矿区环境恢复治理保证金制度,完善矿区环境立法及明确行政执法主体,强化市场在环境保护中的作用,加强行政引导和调控机制,重视闭矿后环境保护等相关制度来解决矿山环境问题突出的矛盾.     

Whither the state? Mining codes and mineral resource governance in Africa

In contrast to the early post-independence era in which African states predominantly controlled the mining sector, the 1980s saw African countries update their mining codes to attract foreign capital. These reform measures largely diminished the power of the state, either resulting in its “selective silence” or its retraction. However, after three waves of these reforms, the disparity between natural resources and sustainable development has continued to widen. Two theories offer a nuanced approach to understanding the state of flux of mining codes and mineral governance in Africa: governance theory and the developmental state theory. This article argues that the activist, interventionist state is making a comeback in mineral resource governance throughout Africa. Moreover, regional initiatives such as the African Mining Vision represent a fundamental departure in mineral governance. However, such initiatives will only bring development to the extent that they are owned by African governments and backed by local communities.     

Mining against the State? Gold Mining and Emerging Notions of Territoriality in Southeastern Venezuela

The current economic crisis in Venezuela has drawn members of Pemón communities to the practice of informal (illegal) gold mining, as mining, undertaken alongside other ‘traditional’ economic activities, is a more effective source of income than waged jobs. The increased involvement of Pemón people in informal mining has encouraged their partial retreat from the state's frontiers, and it reveals transformations in the ways in which local people imagine and relate to the Venezuelan state. These transformations are embodied in both a reorganisation of the space, and in burgeoning notions of land ownership.     

国际海底区域环境保护制度的发展趋势与中国的应对

2012年以来,国际海底管理局着力推进《国际海底区域矿产资源开发规章(草案)》的磋商进程,其产业政策、管理流程及惠益分享制度等方面的内容攸关深海采矿产业的未来走向,引起了国际社会的广泛关注与参与。其中有效保护海洋环境的基本原则、环境标准和监管制度等内容,承包者在开发活动中的环境保护义务和担保国的责任等议题,更成为利益攸关各方关注的焦点。2019年11月,历经多次讨论与修改《国际海底区域矿产资源开发规章(草案)》再次公布。我国作为担保国,有必要"未雨绸缪",按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定,尽早通过国内立法,完善我国深海采矿方面的法律体系,对海洋环境进行严格保护;对开展勘探和开发活动的组织、法人、公民进行有效管控,确保与国际环境保护制度的良性衔接。同时,作为负责任的大国,我国在坚持"人类共同继承财产"原则的同时,应深度参与国际立法进程,在提升我国的规则制定能力和话语权的同时,积极反映我国的利益与关切,为合理、有序、可持续开发深海矿产资源贡献中国智慧。     

论公安机关数据治理体系的创新

当前,公安机关运用的各类数据相对分散,无法形成统一的资源汇聚接口,从而使各个部门在数据调用时存在壁垒,影响了警务工作的效率。传统的大数据治理存在诸如数据不可知、不可控、不可联等一系列弊端,无法满足大数据环境下所面临的多源数据整合和数据业务化需求。基于数据治理的定义,通过离线计算技术、流式计算技术、机器学习技术的应用,可以构建起包括数据资产管理、数据资源目录、数据运维管理、智能化治理在内的科学数据治理体系,从而推动公安机关合理使用不断增长的信息数据,深挖海量数据背后的巨大价值,强有力地保证警务工作的顺利开展,提高网络案件的破案效率,并为刑侦、经侦等警务部门提供重要的信息来源和破案手段。