全面小康社会指标与性别平等

本文在对国内外相关资料和课题前期研究的基础上,提出了全面小康社会性别平等和妇女发展指标构建的必要性和优先问题、全面小康社会性别平等与妇女发展的内涵和指标框架、指标构建原则,并对性别平等与妇女发展指标研究应用中应注意的问题进行了探讨。认为,将社会性别视角纳入社会指标研究不仅体现在研究主题的确定,而且在指标选择、指标定义、指标合成、指标数据收集和指标数据的展示等方面都存在很强的社会性别问题。只有不断增强研究者的社会性别意识,才能实现通过指标和数据反映男女两性的区别和相似性,促进性别平等的目的。     

基于AHP算法教师教学质量评估模型的研究

教师教学质量评估是提高教师素质的一个重要途径,该文运用层次分析法构造了四级共23个评估指标,并完成了每一个指标的权重分配。为了使高校教学质量评估模型更加民主、更加科学合理,排除人为主观因素的干扰,可以通过层次分析法AHP,来建立教学评估的合理模型。同时,通过权重因子的计算,分析影响教学质量的关键因素,找到提高教学质量的有效途径。     

中华民族凝聚力量化测评指标体系及方法探讨

中华民族凝聚力的量化,需要将复杂的理论问题简单化为可操作的系统,其中,最为关键的是需要设计出测评指标和操作方法。民族成员的凝聚倾向则是民族凝聚力的外在表现,这种凝聚倾向可以通过民族成员对中华民族、国家和社会的热爱程度得到近似反映。本文在对中华民族凝聚力层级结构作出分析的基础上,提出了一套民族凝聚力(民族成员凝聚倾向)的量化测评的指标体系,由此通过问卷调查方法,从一个侧面对民族凝聚力进行量化测评。     

Voting Powers and the Efficiency of the Decision-Making Process in the European Council of Ministers

We analyse the efficiency effects in combination with some accepted fairness criteria for the voting games in the European Council of Ministers (ECM) under the qualified majority voting (QMV), before and after the Nice new scheme, in comparison with hypothetical simple majority voting rules (SMV), by jointly examining voting weights and voting powers. The differences between the voting weights and the voting powers increase considering the attitude of the Governments of the Member States of the ECM, to form voting-blocs'—historically that among France, Germany and Belgium and, more recently, the bloc between the United Kingdom and Spain. Their voting powers by blocking proposals result in stalemates and weak compromise with likely benefits for existing well organised interest groups. Unexpectedly, the enlargement of EU from 12 to 15 States, with the diminution of the voting weights of the member countries has not reduced the decisional deficit of QMV, basically because the incentive toward blocs' formation has been reinforced. And, while the power of getting a proposal approved has diminished, the veto-power has remained very high. The effects of the new dual QMV rule, based on a new distribution of votes and correcting the unbalance against the big countries with their demographic weights, for the enlargement to 27 States, seems to go in the same direction. The adoption of a dual SMV, would solve the problems of decision efficiency, with a fairness constraint to protect the major countries. To make this voting rule acceptable one might adopt the Buchanan and Tullock (1962) distinction between constitutional principles to whom the unanimity or QMV might be reserved and post constitutional rules suitable to SMV. Clubs of enhanced co-operation among countries with more homogeneous preferences could also ease the application of SMV.     

情节记忆的独特性对ERP测谎研究的启发

犯罪事件相关脑电位（fERP）测试（又称ERP测谎）作为一项犯罪记忆检测技术,与记忆研究的发展密切相关。记忆研究表明：左前额叶的激活主要与语义记忆的提取有关,而右前额叶的激活主要与情节记忆的提取有关。脑电地形图（BEAM）作为fERP测试指标在实践中具有可行性。ERP成分与BEAM的综合分析将在一定程度上降低测试结果的假阳性率,可以提高测试的准确性。     

如何量化公务员的绩效考核

我国的公务员制度建立时间较短,还不完善,仍存在许多不足之处。公务员的工作内容难以量化导致考核结果易流于形式。建立完善的、形式多样的、适应性较强和科学公正的公务员量化绩效考核体系,需要不断地总结实践经验。为此,从绩效指标的选取、绩效指标权重的设计及绩效指标标准的确定这三方面提出相应对策,旨在强化考核结果的公平真实,实现公务员绩效考核的最终效果。     

Malnourished children? Child health disparities and its causes in Eastern India

The disparity in child health outcomes across Indian districts, particularly in Eastern India, is alarming. Approximately half of the districts in this region exhibit very poor child health outcomes, evidenced by alarmingly high neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates. This study analyses the existing levels and patterns of child health outcomes across 112 districts of Eastern India, a region known for its low levels of child health status. To do this, we have constructed a composite child health index (CHI) using nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Using Principal Component Analysis, the study uses the CHI values to categorize the districts into high, moderate, and low-performing districts. The results show a significant variation in CHI outcomes across the districts, with striking regional disparities. Notably, all high-performing districts were located only in the state of Odisha. In contrast, a substantial proportion of the low-performing districts were in the state of Bihar, suggesting systemic healthcare deficiencies. Using discriminant function analysis, we obtain the critical determinants of CHI to be sanitation facilities, mother's education, marriage before 18 years, and low body mass index of the mother. Our findings confirm that improvements in these areas are crucial for enhancing child health outcomes and ending intergenerational transmission of poor health outcomes. The implications of this study extend beyond eastern India, offering valuable insights into similar challenges in global low- and middle-income regions.     

警察心理危机及其预警指标体系构建研究

心理危机预警是警察心理危机管理体系的重要一环。遵循灵敏性、综合性、系统性、可预见性和实践性等原则,从危机个体、家庭、机关和社会等角度,探索性地构建科学合理的警察心理危机预警指标体系,可为缓解和减少警察心理危机提供一种科学有效的预警和管理方法。     

The personal vote and voter turnout

The level of electoral turnout is arguably the most widely monitored form of electoral participation. Consequently, electoral systems have often been cited as having a significant effect on turnout levels even though scholars do not agree on the effects of these complex institutions. Since most previous studies have relied on categorical or dichotomous electoral system indicators, this study utilizes Carey and Shugart’s personal vote index to gain theoretical leverage on other electoral system components. In short, I find that where electoral competition is predicated on party, rather than candidates’, reputations, turnout levels rise. The results of a time-series cross-sectional analysis reveal that the personal vote index significantly influences turnout levels even when controlling for a host of other factors.     

Indexing watchdog accountability powers a framework for assessing the accountability capacity of independent oversight institutions

Independent oversight institutions are critical components of the accountability landscape in modern democracies. This paper presents a framework for assessing the accountability powers of these watchdogs. This watchdog accountability index is an empirical tool to assess the key accountability powers of accountability forums that operate in a democratic constitutional context. The aim is to provide a richer evidence base to assess evolving external accountability arrangements and their effectiveness. Our approach breaks down the concept of watchdog accountability power into three distinct, conceptually coherent dimensions. We apply the accountability index to assess the strength of one of the main watchdog institutions in the EU, the European Court of Auditors in 2017. Data were collected by means of a study of secondary sources and by an expert survey.