我国工伤保险程序存在的问题及完善

工伤保险自诞生以来就具有强大的影响力,原因之一在于其程序简便易行。然而在我国,劳动者申请工伤保险待遇却要历经多重程序,耗时之长、过程之艰难已经成为工伤保险制度优越性发挥的障碍,为此,应以法律人本主义理念改革我国的工伤保险程序。     

职业安全卫生教育问题的探讨

造成职业伤害的主要因素之一是职业安全卫生教育的不足。安全卫生培训教育的最主要目标在于提高职工的安全卫生意识 ,为此 ,科学地传授安全卫生知识与技术 ,预防和减少职业伤害 ,是职业安全卫生教育所必须研究和解决的课题。     

Women seafarers in Taiwan: survivors during the evolution of the special shipping relationship between China and Taiwan

The first Taiwan women seafarer appeared on a container ship as a training deck officer in 1998, but so far only a handful of Taiwan shipping companies are willing to provide female navigational students with on-board internship opportunities. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the career development of women seafarers in Taiwan. The author has adopted the qualitative research approach, conducted in-depth interviews with women seafarers and representatives of shipping companies, and sailed on an LPG carrier for 14 days to conduct on-site observations. This study discovers that, in the seesaw battle between occupational gender-equality awareness and the shipping market mechanism, the dominant power remains in the hands of employers who demonstrate gender bias towards women seafarers. A noteworthy finding in this study is that the political forces, which include the evolution of the special shipping relationship across the Taiwan Strait as well as the domestic regulations limiting the employment of foreign seafarers, have had a non-negligible positive impact on the seafaring career prospects of Taiwanese women.     

市场经济条件下的大学生职业价值观

社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展 ,使人们的思想观念发生了很大的变化 ,也普遍地影响了当代大学生的职业价值观 ,大学生择业中的经济意识、自主意识、竞争意识、创新意识日益凸现 ,但也存在着一些消极的现象 ,指导、帮助和规范大学生树立正确的职业价值观 ,是当前高等教育义不容辞的责任。     

看守所职务犯罪的成因分析及防控对策

近年来,公安看守所监管人员的职务犯罪案件屡有发生,既损害了人民警察的形象,也破坏了看守所的正常管理秩序。诱发看守所职务犯罪的原因很多,既有体制层面的漏洞,也有工作机制层面的弊端及监管民警自身的问题。分析诱发看守所职务犯罪的成因,有针对性地提出防控对策,以期实现看守所职务犯罪的制度性约束和有效防控。     

从德国职业自由权的宪法保护看中国职业资格制度

教育和就业是当前人们最关心的两大话题，因为它们关系到生计。为了在劳动力市场上获得更好的机会，各类资格证书成为谋职者的新宠，大学生热衷的英语证书，金融机构的会计证书，法律机构的司法考试证书，甚至连照顾产妇的月嫂都有相应的母婴护理证书。晚上和双休日各类培训学校人满为患。但是诸多证书中究竟有多少是国家规定应取得的，证书的含金量有多少，似乎不被人们所关注。本文试固从宪法保护的职业自由全角度探讨中国现有的职业资格制度，并与职业教育发达的德国进行比较，浅论完善的可能性。     

SURVIVING BENCH STRESS

The article presents a discussion of judicial stress, along with proposed solutions. The authors gathered information on the topic of judicial stress from judges via a survey and attendance at two Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC) conventions. Some of the daily stressors endorsed by judges included endless caseloads, severe time limitations, social isolation, lack of privacy, and the weight of deciding the fates of others. It is important for our judges to be provided with ways of relieving and preventing burnout and stress. Proposed bench stress solutions include incorporating the Psychologist Advocate Program into the judicial system and creating specific guidelines for judges to take sabbaticals, which will serve to enhance our judicial system and the entire community.     

The role of inspection sequence in compliance with the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) standards: Interpretations and implications

We examined the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) inspections in the US to identify the effects of repeated inspections and the time between inspections on non-compliance. Our sample included 549,398 inspections conducted from 1972 through 2006 in manufacturing plants in the 29 states where federal OSHA enforces the law. We controlled for inspection type, industry, establishment size, and year. The number of total violations cited fell by 28%–48% from the first to the second inspection; after that, the numbers declined much more slowly. These effects were found in every one of the four sub-periods examined. The number of violations cited increased with each additional year since the prior inspection after controlling for other variables; however, the increases were small, totaling approximately 15% over five years. OSHA should probably give higher priority to first time inspections than to repeated inspections. The current requirement that at least two years elapse between planned inspections should probably be lengthened.     

论作为职业活动的公共管理——公共管理伦理学视角中的公共管理活动

公共管理是一种新型的社会治理模式，公共管理活动与传统的行政管理有着继承关系，但是，它又与传统的行政管理有着根本性的不同。公共管理职业活动是公共管理社会生命实现的途径。公共管理在他的职业角色扮演中，需要在平等的观念下行使公共权力，需要把职业价值体系内化为自己的社会生命的内容，需要在职业活动中完善自己的社会生命。在传统的观念中，存在着对社会治理的“公仆”定位，这是一种描述，而不是科学规定，其实，公共管理是严格意义上的职业活动。公共管理的职业活动，在根本上就是要消除一切不利于公共利益实现的因素，为公共利益积极地、创造性地实现而提供保障。     

职业安全权的价值透视

近来由于安全生产事故频繁发生,学者关于如何保护劳动者的职业安全权进行热烈的讨论,且在法律和制度上都提出了一系列的措施。但职业安全权的价值如何定位,以及其理论根源等问题却甚少被论及。从人权的角度看,职业安全权是对人的生命权和健康权的强调,更是体现了一种人道主义的要求;从社会公正视角看,只有实现劳动者的职业安全权,才能在劳资之间建立一种公平的关系。从经济发展层面上看,只有解决了职业安全权的保护问题,才有经济的效率可言。