韭菜挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析及抗常见病原菌活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取韭菜挥发油,通过体外抑菌试验检测其抑菌活性,确定体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC);并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离检测韭菜挥发油成分。结果显示,韭菜挥发油具有广谱的抑菌活性,且对不同细菌的MIC不同。在韭菜挥发油中鉴定出17个组分,主要为二丙烯基-双硫醚(39.308%)、甲基-丙烯基-双硫醚(32.763%)、甲基-丙烯基-三硫醚(12.157%)、二丙烯基-三硫醚(7.330%)。结果表明,韭菜挥发油具有研发成新型抗菌药物与食品防腐剂的潜力。     

白鸡屎藤挥发油主要成分的定性定量分析

为了探讨白鸡屎藤挥发油的药代动力学特征及其药物残留检测方法,采用化学试剂法对白鸡屎藤挥发油进行定性分析,然后通过柱前衍生高效液相色谱技术对白鸡屎藤挥发油的主要成分进行了定量检测。化学试剂定性方法的研究结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油含有酸类、酚类、醛或酮类、醇类、酯或内酯类(包括△α,β-γ内酯环)以及被还原性成分;高效液相色谱技术分析结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油含有丁香酚、异丁香酚、左旋α-松油醇、右旋α-松油醇、芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、樟脑、龙脑等药理活性成分,以芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、龙脑的含量最高,丁香酚、异丁香酚、左旋α-松油醇、右旋α-松油醇、樟脑的含量相对较高。通过白鸡屎藤挥发油柱前衍生化处理,建立的白鸡屎藤挥发油主要成分的高效液相色谱检测方法具有简单、快速的特点,在30min内可完成对白鸡屎藤挥发油主要活性物的分析,适用于白鸡屎藤挥发油的质量控制、药代动力学研究和药物残留检测。     

Predatory peace. Dispossession at Aceh’s oil palm frontier

The end of the civil war in Aceh brought peace, but it has been of a predatory nature. As a moment of rupture, the peace revealed interests, powers and dynamics, and it offered an opportunity for their reconfiguration. When unrest ceased, old agrarian conflicts between smallholders and planters resumed. Peace held promise of land reform. Yet old patterns of smallholder dispossession were entrenched as the former insurgency leadership aligned with the old elite of plantation companies. Oil palm contract-farming schemes effectively alienated smallholders from their land, and violence precluded their organization. As a result, large-scale plantation production expanded. Through the creation of a violent frontier, smallholders were denied recognition of independent rights and property. In essence, smallholders were dispossessed by a combination of violence, political power and duplicitous paperwork. The study is based on fieldwork in areas where current land conflicts are played out, as well as on secondary sources.     

Federalism and Governability in Brazil: Oil Royalties in Dispute

This article discusses the relationship between governability and federalism in Brazil, analysing the dispute among Brazilian states for oil royalties. This conflict features an unusual pattern in federal legislative voting, leading to regional alignment, rather than the usual party political configuration. This study explains the phenomenon by showing how this organisation makes it possible to align the preferences of national party leaders, regional party leaders, parliamentarians, and each state's voters. The political influence of governors and mayors is also underlined, and the Union's role in the process is described in detail.     

Land,development and contract farming on the Guatemalan oil palm frontier

Integration of smallholder agriculture into oil palm production schemes has been advocated as a strategy for rural poverty reduction in the global South, including Guatemala, where the crop had been promoted through a contentious government programme. This study, set in Guatemala’s northern lowlands, challenges the official narrative that smallholder oil palm cultivation catalyses rural development and deters peasant land sales. Results indicate that oil palm expansion is accelerating land sales and provides minimal benefits, namely non-inclusive and precarious jobs. The host community is becoming increasingly susceptible to global market volatility, as oil palm puts pressure on subsistence farming and eliminates other livelihood options.     

From colony to oil producer: US oil companies and the reshaping of labor relations in Libya during the Cold War

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the labor relations the US government and American oil companies introduced in Libya between the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the rise of Muammar Qaddafi’s regime in 1969. It argues that labor policies played a crucial role in American Cold War efforts to place Libya in the Western bloc and assure access to its oil resources. Like in other contexts, the American government relied on anti-Communist trade unions, in particular the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), to oppose radical forms of labor organizing. Bini examines the ways in which Libyan oil workers resisted the forms of segregation and discrimination introduced in oil camps and company towns, by demanding the right to redefine labor relations through trade unions, and establishing ties with other trade unions in Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria. This article shows that despite American efforts to repress Libyan trade unions, in the second half of the 1960s oil workers were a crucial force in redefining international oil politics. During the Six Day War of 1967, they constituted one of the main forces behind Libya’s support of oil nationalism and set the stage for the emergence of Qaddafi’s regime in 1969.     

辽帝国的国家安全思想研究

9世纪末10世纪初，契丹族建立了中国历史上横跨东北亚和内陆亚洲的庞大帝国——辽帝国。作为由游牧民族建立起的多民族中央集权制国家，辽帝国探索出了一套以“因俗而治”和“一国二元”体制为制度框架的国家政治和以农耕与游牧并重的国家安全思想。为了构建以辽帝国为中心的世界秩序，辽帝国实行和战并用，以儒家德治思想为对外安全的指导思想，构建多层次的羁縻、封贡、宗藩体系以拱卫辽帝国的安全发展，不仅确立了对宋朝的外交优势，且先后使东亚的高丽和西夏以及内陆亚洲的高昌回鹘、喀拉汗王朝、花剌子模等向其朝贡，建立以辽帝国为中心的宗藩体系。故辽之所以“雄长二百年”，皆因虽尚武，但注重儒家德治教化，处“四战之地”而能应对得宜。为了维护西北边疆安全和保障从内陆亚洲到东亚丝绸之路的畅通，辽帝国对漠北蒙古高原进行军事征伐，征抚并用，在镇州设立西北路招讨司，设立一系列边防城池，以建立边疆安全的防御体系，并采用屯田和移民实边等方式展开对漠北蒙古和西北边疆的经略，从而建立了西北边疆安全防御体系，保障了从漠北蒙古到西域乃至欧洲的草原丝绸之路的畅通。     

‘We Could be Rich’: Unemployment,Roadblocks and the Rhythms of Hydrocarbon Work among the Guaraní of the Argentine Chaco

In the Argentine Chaco, indigenous Guaraní lives are deeply entangled with the oil and gas industry. In response to the hydrocarbon sector's shifting dynamics, unemployed Guaraní have found innovative ways to make claims and mobilise for temporary employment. This article emphasises the perspectives of these mobilised populations and describes the political difficulties that precarious labour forces confront. It also draws attention to the temporalities of extraction and to the accompanying rhythms of flexible employment. In doing so, it extends the concept of precarity to highlight continuities between the impermanence of employment and the instability of mobilisation.     

渤海油田漏油事故法律问题分析

渤海油田漏油事故造成了极为严重的环境污染,对海洋生态环境、海洋资源均产生严重影响。在此事件中,海洋局并未及时主动公开这一突发性的环境污染事件,应依法承担相应的行政责任,而事故责任人应承担相应的民事责任,包括但不限于清理油污、赔偿海洋生态损害、渔业资源损害、渔民损失等,海洋局和渔业部门可代表国家对事故责任人提供环境民事公益诉讼。检察机关亦应追究事故责任人的刑事责任。     

渤海溢油事故海洋生态损害赔偿法律问题研究

2011年我国渤海溢油事故引起了社会的强烈关注,尤其对我国海洋环境保护相关法律提出了挑战。在对渤海溢油事故所涉及的"海洋生态损害"的概念界定、责任主体与索赔主体、赔偿范围、索赔额度及评估标准等法律问题进行分析后,还将揭示该溢油事故对我国海洋生态损害赔偿制度的几点启示。