Safeguarding adults and mass marketing fraud – Perspectives from the police,trading standards and the voluntary sector

Despite the growing awareness of mass marketing fraud (MMF) in the financial abuse of vulnerable older people, little empirical research has been undertaken in this area. This paper is one of the first to consider the perspectives of a range of professionals who work with victims of mass marketing fraud and financial crime. MMF is a growing threat in the financial abuse of older people, and is increasingly recognised as a concern for professionals involved in supporting and safeguarding vulnerable older people. This paper considers the themes emerging from a small exploratory qualitative study into the perspectives of professionals working to safeguard those at risk of MMF and considers some of the complexities involved in tackling MMF. This involves consideration of the techniques used to groom and lure victims in plausible looking frauds, and the factors that serve to reinforce their sustained involvement in such activity.     

欠缺行为能力成年人保护制度探究

近年来,对于欠缺行为能力成年人的保护问题已受到世界各国的关注,而我国现行的相关制度已不能完全适应社会需求.本文从完善欠缺行为能力法律制度的现实意义入手,介绍了国外欠缺民事行为能力成年人制度的现状并进行了比较,分析了我国现有的关于欠缺行力能力成年人保护制度的缺陷,提出了相应的完善建议.     

合适成年人参与刑事诉讼制度的构建

少年司法制度由于其特殊地位成为衡量一个国家司法制度发展水平的标准之一。合适成年人参与刑事诉讼制度的建立不仅符合未成年人身心发展的要求,而且是法定代理人不能到场的有效补救措施,同时也是我国少年司法制度发展的需要。     

Spending the Golden Years Behind Bars: Predictors of Mental Health Issues Among Geriatric Prisoners

Mental illness in older inmates remains an underexplored topic of interest for prison research. The present study addresses gaps in extant literature, using a nationally representative sample of 1,907 male and female geriatric inmates in the United States (age range 50–84 years; M = 56) to analyze the association between mental health and predictors, such as gender, victimization, physical illnesses, and protective/ameliorative factors. The authors discuss their findings in relation to a theoretical framework that integrates the importation and deprivation models, as well as provide discourse on policy implications and future directions for research on older prison inmates.     

Healthcare,Policy Implementation,and Culture: What Cultural Values Influence Unpaid Primary Caregivers to Provide Care to Older Adults?

This research examines home healthcare programs implemented in Puerto Rico and Indiana. Puerto Rico is primarily a Hispanic territory of the United States, while Indiana is a culturally Anglo Midwestern state. This study explores the cultural values that influence unpaid care of older adults in these two settings. I hypothesize that dissimilar cultural values will influence care of unpaid primary caregivers (UPCs) in both jurisdictions. Results supported the hypothesis: UPCs emphasized different cultural values in caregiving. The study recommends that the federal government support families with essential services to enable them render badly-needed care to their elderly family members.     

Gender differences in personality and cancer-related pain among older cancer patients

Indicators explaining gender differences in personality and pain among older cancer patients have not been adequately addressed. This study examined gender differences in cancer-related pain severity, the Five Factor Model of personality, and affect among older cancer patients (86 women, 64 men). No significant differences were found in pain severity between the gender groups. Analyses indicated that women scored significantly higher for the personality trait of neuroticism than men (p < .05). Further analyses showed that different demographic, health, and personality variables predicted pain severity in women and men. Gender was found to be a significant moderator in the association between the personality trait of neuroticism and average pain. These findings suggest that both gender and different personality types may influence reported pain severity. Specifically, the results suggest that how patients experience and report pain severity may be gender-specific, and that it may be inappropriate to assume that women and men experience, report, and manage their pain in similar ways. Future studies focusing on the influence of personality and gender on health outcomes are needed to assist healthcare providers in tailoring treatment, thereby promoting optimal symptom management.     

Development and testing of a comprehensive ageing problem scale for community-living older adults in South Korea

This study was undertaken to develop and validate an instrument for gerontological policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to comprehensively assess the nature and severity of problems experienced by older adults. The Comprehensive Ageing Problem Scale (CAPS) for older adults living in the community was created as a reliable and valid instrument that is easy to use. A cross-sectional strategy was utilized, in which a total sample of 1060 older South Korean adults was selected (through a proportionate random-stratified sampling method) from four regions nationwide. The psychometric properties of the instrument were verified using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To achieve cross-validity, the total sample was randomly divided into two groups. The first group (for the EFA) was employed to identify the factor structure of the initial scale. The second group (for the CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure of the revised scale with the first group. The final version of the 19-item CAPS with four factors showed good internal consistency and a CFA confirmed the acceptability of the model fit.     

成人高校校园文化的发展与保证

随着成人高校教育体制改革的不断深化，成人高校校园文化发生了从精英文化到大众文化、从单一的娱乐教育功能转为传播、审美与创造三位一体的综合教育功能、从孤立的单校自我发展到开放的多校资源共享和高校校园文化自身不断深化的变化。领导班子、教职工队伍、学生骨干队伍及党政工团齐抓共管是校园文化建设的关键和保证.     

Orthodontic Treatment: Real Risk for Dental Age Estimation in Adults?

Dental age estimation becomes a challenge once the root formation is concluded. In living adults, one dental age indicator is the formation of secondary dentine, also associated with orthodontic treatment as well as root shortening. The aim of this study was to establish whether these secondary effects of orthodontic treatment could generate a statistically significant difference in dental age estimations when using Kvaal's method. The study sample included 34 pairs of pre‐ and postorthodontic panoramic radiographs, from different individuals with exactly the same age and sex distribution. Females 65%, median age 17.5 years, and males 35%, median age 22.5 years, were included. After data collection, dental age was estimated per tooth using formulae previously published. The risk of obtaining over‐estimation of age was calculated. (RR = 1.007). The changes caused by orthodontic treatment do not have any significant effect on age estimation when Kvaal et al.'s method is applied on panoramic radiographs.     

Perceptions of fairness in the division of responsibility for old parents

Pairs of sisters in 50 families in which at least one parent was aged 75+ were asked in open-ended questions to describe the division of filial responsibility in their families and their feelings about it. The relationship between the quality of ties among siblings and evaluations of the fairness of the division of responsibility is explored. The argument is made that rules of distributive justice are invoked largely within the context of the projected futures of existing relationships.