Where the Action Is: Macro and Micro Justice in Contract Law

In contemporary private law theory the relationship between ‘macro’ theories of distributive justice and the ‘micro’ site of interpersonal transactions remains under-explored. In this paper, I draw on the ‘macro’ theory of justice articulated by John Rawls and offer an account of ‘micro contractual justice’ that helps us understand how the micro domains of contracting introduce particular relational constraints on the infusion of distributive considerations into contract law, resulting in constrained conception of ‘relational Rawlsianism’ operating in contractual domains. My framework provides a bridge between the macro and micro, helping us understand how they are in various senses separate yet interlocking, and also provides a ‘third way’ between all or nothing positions on the place of distributive justice in contract.     

农村承包地三权分置制度入典研究

《农村土地承包法修正案》将“三权分置”政策内容上升为法律规定,确立承包地三权分置制度。对解决承包地流转闭锁抵押难行等问题意义重大。却因将承包经营权本集体经济组织内封闭流转以法律固化,新设土地经营权性质不清、类型混合、流转不济,无益承包地债权性与物权性并可市场化开放性流转之“三权分置”目标实现。受其影响,《民法典分编(草案)》亦存同样问题。亟待农村承包地三权分置制度进一步入典完善。在实地调研基础上,遵循《民法总则》落实集体土地所有权前提下,于《民法典分编(草案)》完善中,基于英美地产权客体权益分离理论与大陆法系二次权能分离理论具兼创债权性与物权性经营权功能的地权二次分离理论,在保持土地承包经营权规定不变上,从其客体权益中分离出二元化土地经营权,并分别于合同编增设农地租赁经营合同具体规范债权性经营权、于物权编构造“农用地使用权”科学规范物权性经营权。以利能以债权性经营权顺农地灵活经营实践、物权性经营权应农地抵押及长期经营所需的二元化路径,促现行承包经营权本集体经济组织内封闭流转向派生出的土地经营权市场化开放性流转发展,以实现农村承包地三权分置制度入典达成“三权分置”、“放活土地经营权”之政策目标。     

The political economy of labor market deregulation during IMF interventions

This study examines the relationship between policy interventions by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and de jure labor rights. Combining two novel data sets with unprecedented country-year coverage – leximetric data on labor laws and disaggregated data on IMF conditionality – our analysis of up to 70 developing countries from 1980 to 2014 demonstrates that IMF-mandated labor market policy measures significantly reduce both individual and collective labor rights. Once we control for the effect of labor market policy measures, however, we find that collective labor rights increase in the wake of IMF programs. We argue that this result is explained by the impact of union pressure on governments which, in such a context, are imbued with the policy space to respond to domestic interest groups. The study has broader theoretical implications as to when international organizations are effective in constraining governments’ choices.     

The Winter of Discontent Thirty Years On

Thirty years on, and in the context of our own crisis, it is perhaps useful to take stock of the last Winter of Discontent. The industrial strife that beset the Callaghan government in the winter of 1978/79 was seen at the time as a key factor in Labour's defeat in the general election of 1979; but its legacy is considerable and its significance enduring. These four themed essays come from a public seminar at the British Academy to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Winter of Discontent. Colin Hay argues that the Winter of Discontent was, in key respects, a manufactured crisis lived, experienced and responded to through a very particular construction of the events that is difficult to reconcile with the evidence itself. Reponses by Lords Baker, Lea and Lipsey follow and the section concludes with a transcribed and edited version of the lively discussion which ensued.     

浅论农民工劳动就业权的实现

就业权是劳动者赖以生存的基本权利,是实现劳动权的基础。农民工应该与城市居民一样享有平等的就业权,但事实上农民工没有资格成为城镇国有企事业和行政单位的正式职工,许多城市在劳动就业方面对农民工设置了许多制度性门槛,城市农民工有限的劳动就业权亦受到诸多侵害。应从实现平等机会权、同工同酬权、工资支付保障权等几个方面着手实现农民工劳动就业权。     

论家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押

根据我国担保法与农村土地承包法的规定,现行立法是禁止家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押的。为促进土地资源的充分利用．实现农村经济发展．允许家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押,从理论和现实两个方面分析都有可行性;并且对发展农业生产具有重要意义．家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押功能的体现,需要法律上的支持和相关配套制度的构建。     

论契约自由原则的发展及其动因

“契约自由是合同法的灵魂和生命。”它发源于罗马法,确立于资本主义自由竞争时期。进入20世纪后,随着其产生之社会基础的变化．各国普遍对契约自由给予一定的规制,以实现实质意义上的契约公正。从契约自由原则的兴起、确立及现代社会对其的规制,宏观把握契约自由原则发展的历史进程,并洞见其发展动因。     

就业协议存在的主要问题及改革

就业协议是我国高等院校要求应届毕业生与用人单位签订的有关毕业生工作的协议,可以作为统计就业率,确定毕业生就业单位的依据.但实践中对就业协议的性质不清、内容存在问题,导致就业协议存在虚假签约、毁约现象比较严重,有必要对就业协议进行改革,用法律手段调整毕业生与用人单位的关系.     

心理契约:构建和谐劳动关系的新视角

心理契约作为协调劳动关系的有效工具,正在被视为解决组织与员工之间矛盾的基本方式受到关注。实践表明,和谐劳动关系的建构与发展,离不开心理契约的动态平衡。在管理实践中,应构建良好的心理契约,以促进和谐劳动关系的形成。     

关于农民工权益保障问题的研究与思考

农民工在为促进城乡发展、建设现代化国家作贡献的同时,自身权益保障问题日益突出,成为社会广泛关注的焦点。要从构建社会主义和谐社会的高度充分认识农民工权益保障问题的重要性,加大立法与执法力度,建立健全维权机制,提高农民工整体素质,形成党政主导、各方齐抓共管的农民工维权格局。