戊戌妇女运动:中国批判性别本质主义的先驱--兼驳中国妇女运动比西方落后的偏见

戊戌妇女运动一开始就对性别本质主义进行了与西方早期女权运动同样的批判,即用"男女差异教育形成论"抨击"男智女愚天生论",因而成为中国批判性别本质主义的先驱.中西早期妇女运动对性别本质主义的批判只是详略程度不同,没有本质的差距.这就说明至少中西早期妇女运动的水平不分轩轾,西方学术界笼统地认为中国妇女运动远比西方落后是一种偏见.     

农村社会保障体系:现状·问题·对策

在城乡二元社会结构下,我国的农村社会保障过分依赖家庭保障和土地保障,已无法适应当前农村经济社会发展的要求,迫切需要建立符合现代文明,体现社会公平与公正的新型农村社会保障体系。为此,应摈弃“经济发展决定论”片面化的思想误区,着重建立健全三项农村基本社会保障制度,拓宽农村社保资金来源渠道,提升土地保障和家庭保障的“造血”功能。     

我国农民群体的分化及其走向

改革开放以来 ,农民群体的分化不仅表现为职业上的多元化 ,而且在农民群体的阶层变化中还出现了一些质的分化。当前 ,由于多方面的条件制约 ,农民群体的变化与发展仍然存在诸多困难     

Citizenship status and social exclusion in Estonia and Latvia

Abstract

Findings from the Norbalt living conditions surveys in Estonia and Latvia are used to examine whether persons without Estonian and Latvian citizenship are at greater risk of social exclusion than citizens in these two countries. the level of integration into the labor market, participation in civil society and political life, degree of social isolation, and the level of economic resources among the two groups are analyzed. In Estonia non-citizens are more at risk of social exclusion compared to Estonian citizens, while in Latvia one finds no statistically significant difference between the groups. In both countries educational level is much more important than citizenship status in explaining social exclusion.     

Words speak louder than actions: the ‘peasant’ dimension of the Confédération Paysanne's alternative to industrial farming

Through its historical account of the Confédération Paysanne (CP)'s origins and early years (France), this paper explores the ways in which ‘peasant’ discourses are shaped by non-peasant understandings of what ‘being a peasant’ should mean. As we shall see, far from reflecting an innate and immutable ‘peasant’ way of being or seeing, references to ‘peasantness’ and ‘peasant farming’ act as discursive tools to both unite a heterogeneous activist base (composed of marginal and marginalized farmers) and advance organizational interests. This requires the CP – and its predecessors – to respond to a series of external constraints. In the course of this paper, we shall also show how academics play an important mediating role in the process of constructing or adapting the CP's ‘peasant’ discourse.     

Surveying the agrarian question (part 1): unearthing foundations,exploring diversity

This two-part article surveys the origin, development, and current meaning of the ‘agrarian question’. Part one of the survey explores the history of the agrarian question, elaborating its origin in the work of Marx, Engels, Kautsky, and Lenin, and its development in the work of Preobrazhensky, Dobb, Brenner, and others. Part two of the survey identifies seven current variants of the agrarian question and critically interrogates these variants in order to understand whether, and if so, how, the location of small-scale petty commodity food and farm production within contemporary capitalism has been reconfigured during the era of neoliberal globalisation. Together, the two parts of the survey argue that the agrarian question continues to offer a rigorously flexible framework by which to undertake a historically-informed and country-specific analysis of the material conditions governing rural production, reproduction, and the process of agrarian accumulation or its lack thereof, a process that can now be located within the law of value and market imperatives that operate on a world scale.     

Vladimir Iowa Lenin,Part 1: A Bolshevik Studies American Agriculture

A busy year for Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1917 also marked the publication of his study of American agriculture. The report reads as more than a historical curiosity, offering insights, however era-bounded, on a variety of topics of substantive and epistemological interest today. Lenin writes of the history of American agriculture, its dynamic regionalism, and its sector-specific class conflicts. Along the way, despite his obvious structural tendencies, we meet an anti-foundational author who, while upbraiding bourgeois economists for their expedient technicism, often in scathing terms, also warns that sweeping conclusions about the sizes of farm and capitalization are problematic in the face of historically dependent and contradictory trends. Here, in the first of the paper’s two parts, we begin to place Lenin’s project in the broader stream of critical agrarian studies, including the classic contrast with agricultural economist Alexander Chayanov, but also the diseconomies of modern agriculture, the biological limits on industrializing food production, and Stalin’s “dekulakization” campaign. Our aims here are more than academic. The exploration is framed by the roles the structure of agriculture and its impacts on its participants play in political change, from elections to revolution.     

农民具体权利的有效保护——一个法社会学的多维视角

农民具体权利的立法进化实际上是一种与时俱进、安而不忘危、治而不忘乱的忧患思维.农民问题过去是中国革命的中心问题,今天和今后一个相当长的时期是中国社会主义建设的中心问题.21世纪上半叶,保护中国农民权益的首要任务应定位于实行具有法治意义的、饱含公平正义价值的具体权利立法,依法有效地保障农民之经济社会权利.化解农村社会矛盾的所有对策的核心价值必须以农民权利的有效保护为切入点和落脚点,尤以改善农民具体的民生、民权之福祉为要,通过整合良策引入立法着重解决农民的现实问题.同时,依据自然正义准则,结合成规制定法,依托发展着的社会实践不断探寻新的社会规则,促进社会的良法善治.     

改革开放的继续前进呼唤农民政治参与的提高

研究农民政治参与的现状及其制约因素,充分发挥各种激励因素在农民政治参与中的作用,对于提高农民政治参与水平,推动农民政治参与,引导其向良性的方向发展,从而全面深入地推进我国的改革开放事业有着非常重大的意义。     

当代法国农业资本主义发展的主要途径和特征

二战结束后,法国通过土地集中和增加资本投入等途径,加速推进农业机械化、专业化、区域化、产业化、合作化、社会化、农民职业化的步伐,在家族化和公司化农业经营的基础上,既保持欧洲大陆地区农业生产的传统特点,又顺应当今世界农业国际化一体化发展的新趋势,走出了一条独具特色的农业现代化道路。