业主委员会机会主义行为制度分析

业主与业主委员会之间就维权问题经常产生矛盾．由于业主掌握的信息不充分和搭便车行为导致了内部监督的缺失,而正向激励不足的业主委员会本身就存在着发生道德风险的可能．再加上政府在有效监督制度供给上的严重不足使得业主的实际监督行为面临着过高的交易费用,加剧了业主委员会机会主义行为发生的风险。因此,必须提高政府的制度供给能力,完善内外部监督机制,推进业主委员会服务的市场化和职业化,从而降低监督制度的运行成本,增加有效监督行为的供给。     

犯罪行为研究体系独立论——基于刑事一体化的思考

对犯罪行为的研究虽在刑法学和犯罪学中都有涉及,但受制于学科性质和研究目的的不同,学界对犯罪行为研究的视角和重心各有不同。在刑事一体化理念基础上,通过对犯罪学和刑法学视野中的犯罪行为进行比较研究和理性分析,可以得出有必要和可能把犯罪行为在行为学、犯罪学、刑法学等学科分别研究的基础上突出出来,进行系统的研究,并创设犯罪行为学科;以实现犯罪学中散在性的犯罪行为与刑法学中确定性的犯罪行为的对接。这是强化对犯罪行为研究的深度和分量的重要途径;对完善刑事法律学科和促进刑事司法实践具有重大意义。     

论面向道路交通安全驾驶模拟系统研究

汽车驾驶模拟器在道路交通安全领域有着广泛的应用前景,面向道路交通安全的驾驶模拟系统是由驾驶舱等硬件系统和视景显示软件系统组成。其主要研究内容为视景仿真系统、动态驾驶模拟系统的开发研究,道路交通安全评价,事故分析鉴定与再现研究和道路交通环境的变化对驾驶行为的影响。     

Effects of early family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency

Based on evidence that early antisocial behavior is a key risk factor for delinquency and crime throughout the life course, early family/parent training, among its many functions, has been advanced as an important intervention/prevention effort. There are several theories concerning why early family/parent training may cause a reduction in child behavior problems including antisocial behavior and delinquency (and have other ancillary benefits in non-crime domains over the life course). The prevention of behavior problems is one of the many objectives of early family/parent training, and it comprises the main focus of this review. Results indicate that early family/parent training is an effective intervention for reducing behavior problems among young children, and the weighted effect size was 0.35. The results from a series of analog to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and weighted least squares regression models (with random effects) demonstrated that there were significant differences in the effect sizes of studies conducted in the USA versus those conducted in other countries and that studies that were based on samples smaller than 100 children had larger effect sizes. Sample size was also the strongest predictor of the variation in the effect sizes. Additional evidence indicated that early family/parent training was also effective in reducing delinquency and crime in later adolescence and adulthood. Overall, the findings lend support for the continued use of early family/parent training to prevent behavior problems. Future research should test the main theories of early family/parent training and detail more explicitly the causal mechanisms by which early family/parent training reduces delinquency and crime, and future evaluations should employ high quality designs with long-term follow-ups, including repeated measures of antisocial behavior, delinquency, and crime over the life course.

Ticking all the boxes? A comparative study of social sorting and affective polarization

This study explores whether, in societies around the world, affective polarization – or animosity between citizens based on their political allegiance – is stronger if political divisions align with non-political ones. Such ‘social sorting’ has earlier been established to foster affective polarization in the United States. In this study, I argue that the underlying mechanism travels across the globe. I then present two complementary studies which confirm this hypothesis. First, I employ CSES data to predict the level of affective polarization by social sorting at 119 elections in 40 countries, showing that greater alignment of partisan divisions with non-political divisions in a society (along the lines of income, education, religion and region) is associated with stronger dislike towards political outgroups. Second, using Dutch panel data, I show that individuals who fit the socio-demographic ‘profile’ of their party better tend to be more affectively polarized. This has important implications for our understanding of affective polarization.     

The electoral consequences of anti-Muslim prejudice

A growing body of research has documented the development of pervasive anti-Muslim sentiment among White Americans. We build on this research to demonstrate that anti-Muslim attitudes and negative stereotypes of Muslim people have become an enduring and consistent component of White Americans' presidential vote choice beyond any one specific candidate or election. We argue that the racialization of Muslim Americas has increased their salience and significance in both the minds of White Americans and in national political discourse, making attitudes toward Muslims a consistent predictor of Whites’ presidential candidate evaluations in every election since at least 2004. We support this account with empirical evidence from the 2004–2020 American National Election Studies, using measures of group affect and negative stereotypes of Muslim people.     

The legislative consequences of Mexico’s mixed-member electoral system, 2000–2009

The emergence of mixed-member electoral systems across the globe has been an attempt to balance local representation through single-member districts (SMD) with programmatic representation through proportional representation lists (PR). However, there are several competing theoretical interpretations for the consequences of mixed systems on legislative bodies. Through a study of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies, I test several empirical implications of these competing theories by examining the impact of the electoral system on party discipline, participation, and legislative organization. I find little convincing evidence of differences between legislators elected through PR and those elected through SMD in their levels of party discipline, but I do find that PR legislators participate in a manner theoretically consistent with their mode of election. I also find that PR legislators have disproportionate control over key leadership positions. I suggest the primary reasons for these findings is due to differing methods of candidate selection and restricted use of dual candidacy.     

Impacts of transactional and transformational leaderships upon organizational citizenship behavior

A leader as one of the determiners in organizational direction and objectives must be able to respond to the development. Basically, leadership is a process influencing activity in a group directed toward the achievement of one or several objectives. In the context of empowerment of human resources in order to produce professional employees having high integrity, the presence of a standard is required which can be used as a guideline by the organization in solving the problems. Such guideline is the organizational citizenship behavior which systematically directs the employees to improve their work commitment. And based on the above explanation, it can be formulated whether there is any impact of transactional leadership and transformational leadership upon the organizational citizenship behavior at PT Aneka Putra Santosa. The analytical techniques applied are the multiple linear regression analysis, multiple determination coefficient analysis, and partial determination coefficient analysis. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that there is a simultaneous impact between transactional leadership and transformational leadership upon the organizational citizenship behavior with the F arithmetical regression value at the sum of 13.620. The magnitude of free variable impact contribution to the bound variable is 33.50%, whereas the remaining is influenced by other variables not being investigated in the model. Partially, the partial contribution of transactional leadership variable to organizational citizenship behavior is 0.233 or 23.30%, whereas contribution of transformational leadership variable to organizational citizenship behavior is 0.272 or 27.20%. Thus, it can be concluded that transformational leadership has more dominant impact in setting up the organizational citizenship behavior.     

"项目场域"利益相关者的心态、行为及角色定位——对G县J水电项目的调查与思考

目前,我国正处于工业化和城市化建设加速时期,随着经济建设和社会发展的速度加快,各地纷纷上马许多建筑工程项目。以“场域”理论为分析视角．以G县J水电工程项目为例,详细描述和分析在“项目场域”中政府（县、乡镇）、投资商（水电站）、村委会、村民（移民、非移民）的心态与行为表现,以及他们在“项目场域”中应然的角色定位。并提出为了确保各利益相关者在“项目场域”中从“各谋其利”到现“利益共赢”,实现“项目场域”的良性运行与协调发展．以及当地社会的公平公正与和谐发展。必须在当前我国国内投资的工程项目建设中引入真正的公共参与机制和社会评价机制。     

实地勘验中的现场保护行为研究

实地勘验中的现场保护行为直接关系到现场勘查的质量,然而一直以来被侦查人员忽视。本文从实地勘验中现场保护的重要性入手,主要论述了实地勘验中的现场保护行为的内容,并进一步对完善实地勘验中现场保护行为的制约机制提出建议。