对贫富差距的理性思考

改革开放以来,我国在政治、经济、文化等诸多方面都取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。事实雄辩地证明了改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,方向和道路是完全正确的,成效和功绩不容否定。但是随着改革的深入,出现了许多深层次的矛盾和问题。本文就我国目前存在的贫富差距问题进行了深入思考,分析了贫富差距产生的诸多原因,阐述了对贫富差距的看法以及缓解贫富差距扩大的措施。     

The neglected female unemployment in Sweden during the Great Depression

ABSTRACT

The unemployment statistics of the 1930s’ Great Depression have often been used as a way of estimating the endurance and severity of the economic crisis in different countries. The Swedish unemployment data have, among other things, been used in comparison with the American data to describe the different economic development that these two countries experienced during the twentieth century. Sweden’s ‘work approach’ to unemployment during the Great Depression has also been highlighted in earlier research as an answer to the question of why Sweden managed the Great Depression quite well and was able to kick-start the development of the welfare state. Unfortunately, the official unemployment data mainly covered men; female unemployment has been neglected both in the official records and in earlier research, and the praised ‘work approach’ only targeted male unemployment. In this paper, a new and previously neglected source of unemployment data is brought into the light in the form of poor relief statistics. From this information, a new estimation of the female unemployment during the Great Depression is made, which questions the grand conclusions that have been reached regarding the connections of the crisis and the later welfare state construction.     

仲裁司法审查程序本质论

作为法律程序的一种,仲裁司法审查程序同样是以救济权利为己任,但与一般司法程序不同的是,仲裁司法审查程序所救济的权利不是实体性权利,而是程序性权利,是仲裁当事人在仲裁程序中所应享有的程序性权利,这就是仲裁司法审查程序的本质所在.     

高校贫困生心理健康问题探析

本文通过对高校贫困生心理存在的自卑、焦虑、沮丧、文饰、狭隘五个问题,进行分析,找出其受影响的三个因素,即家庭因素、社会因素、个体因素,并提出通过引导、帮助、鼓励的对策来调解贫困生心理问题。     

Who is poor in China? A comparison of alternative approaches to poverty assessment in Rural Yunnan

Despite widespread recognition of the multidimensionality of poverty among social scientists and policymakers, the monetary approach still dominates poverty assessment. However, it is possible that different poverty assessment methodologies identify dissimilar households as poor, leading to disparate policies for poverty reduction. This empirical research applies four approaches to poverty identification to the same population of rural households in Wuding County, Yunnan Province, PRC. These approaches include China's official poverty identification method, participatory poverty assessment (PPA), the monetary approach to poverty assessment, and use of multidimensional poverty indicators (MDI). This study discovered that these four approaches generate different aggregate poverty incidences, identifying different households with distinctly different characteristics as poor. Each approach evaluates different aspects and dimensions, highlighting some characteristics while concealing others. There is very little overlap among the poor households identified by each methodology. This has implications at the conceptual, methodological, and policy levels. The conceptual understanding of poverty should be broadened to include multidimensional and multidisciplinary socioeconomic indicators. Multiple approaches must be applied in order to avoid marginalising some aspects of poverty. Poverty reduction strategies should shift from promoting short-term income-generating activities to a broader combination of strategies that address the inter-linked structural causes of poverty.     

论预期违约的立法完善

我国《合同法》对预期违约内容的一些规定,已远远不能适应当今商事交易的复杂性及我国社会主义市场经济法制建设的要求.无论是商事合同种类、商事合同成立形式、商事合同当事人、商事合同标的、市场经济的复杂性还是现代商事交易法制规范关于违约体系的完整性、现实的司法实践以及市场经济法制的国际化都迫切要求我国对预期违约进行全面立法.预期违约适用中的期间问题、担保问题、判断依据问题、责任原则问题,以及预期违约救济中时间选择权的行使问题、救济方法的确定问题是预期违约全面立法中应当重点注意的几个法律问题.     

请求权性质之我见

请求权是民事权利体系的重要组成部分,然而从请求权概念产生之日起,对请求权的性质的认识就众说纷纭,莫衷一是。大体可以归结为权能说、救济说和债权说三种学说。权能说和救济说分别从请求权的渊源和历史角度定位,有一定的合理性,但并没有触及请求权性质。请求权与债权具有性质上的同一性,属于相对性结构的权利,这是请求权的性质所在。     

中日公务员行政惩戒法律救济制度的比较

公务员惩戒制度是通过惩罚公务员的失职行为而对该公务员及其他公务员予以警戒的制度。该制度对打造一支高素质的公务员队伍,防止公务员滥用权力和违法乱纪等方面起了很大作用,但如果惩戒不当,对公务员合法权益将造成莫大的损害。“有损害就有救济”,纵观世界各国的公务员权益救济制度,大体上采用两种模式：一种是行政救济与司法救济“并轨”的救济模式,如美国、日本等;另一种是以行政救济作为单一的救济模式,如我国现在所实行的公务员申诉与控告的行政救济制度。本文通过比较中日两国的公务员行政惩戒救济制度,以“扬弃”的移植理念,完善我国的公务员行政惩戒救济制度。     

债券投资者司法救济规则建构论纲

债券纠纷的恰当处理直接关系投资者权益保护和金融市场的整体稳定,不仅要考虑个体纠纷的妥善解决,还要着眼于群体性权利受损的整体救济。当前司法救济机制在债券市场的运行不畅,一方面源于行政权与司法权的纠结关系还未完全理顺,另一方面在于主要基于股票交易模型形成的证券法律责任体系,难以满足当前债券纠纷责任追究的现实需求。面对司法救济规则碎片化和司法实践标准不一的现状,亟须厘清债券纠纷相关主体之间的角色定位和责任的边界,系统性建构一套结合债券自身特点的标准化司法救济规则,解决当前规则混乱和程序迟滞的问题。     

现行民事执行和解制度存在的问题及其应对

民事执行和解制度作为具有中国特色的一项司法制度,在实践中有着广泛的应用,但也存在一些问题,这主要表现在其性质、效力及救济等问题上的争议。在分析这些问题的基础上,提出一些相应的完善建议,以期更好地发挥执行和解制度的作用和价值。