台湾贫富分化的实像与虚像

进入转型期以来,台湾贫富分化呈现出扩大的趋势。但是检视台湾贫富分化的数据可以发现,台湾贫富差距的客观状态并不严重,相反则是台湾民众对贫富分化的感受远远超过其客观事实。台湾贫富分化这种主观感受与客观状态不匹配的状况不仅是民进党“阶级论述”中对贫富分化议题宣传操纵的结果,更重要的它还是台湾各种经济社会矛盾在台湾民众生活感受中的综合体现。因此,即使抛开政治因素,台湾贫富分化问题也值得台湾当局予以深度重视。     

Citizenship narratives in the face of bad governance: the voices of the working poor in Bangladesh

The complex nature of the challenge posed by state–society relations to the realization of citizenship rights in poorer countries reflects the unwillingness as well as incapacity on the part of the state to guarantee basic security of life and livelihoods to its citizens, and its proneness to capture by powerful elites. Identity, affiliations, and access to resources continue to be defined by one's place within a social order that is largely constituted by the ascribed relationships of family, kinship, and community. These ‘given’ relationships pervade all spheres of society and render irrelevant the idea of an impersonal public sphere that individuals enter as bearers of rights, equal in the eyes of the law. This paper explores the proposition that the possibility of belonging to alternative associations whose membership is chosen rather than ascribed by social position offers pathways to a more democratic social order. Bangladesh offers an interesting context to explore this proposition both because it embodies many of the problems of bad governance outlined above and because it contains a large number of civil society associations, many of which work primarily with the poor. The paper is based on interviews with members of some of these organizations in rural and urban areas of the country.     

高校特困生的不良心理状态分析及对策

心理健康问题严重困扰着高校特困生群体,对其人生观、价值观的形成有着重要影响。各高校应提高对特困生心理健康教育工作重要性的认识,通过构建特困生救助体系,培养特困生健康的心理品质;通过加强特困生的心理咨询和教育,做好"心理解困"工作,使之形成健全的人格。     

我国救助工作中社会权利的发展困境

公民权利是现代社会救助的源头和重要内容,无论是物质救助、精神救助还是能力救助,隐藏在其后的是公民权利意识的发展,救助的本质是保障救助对象的社会权利。我国社会救助工作实践中虽然从法律上和制度上对公民权利进行了规定,但实践中弱势群体尤其是救助对象的权利被合理或不合理"剥夺"形成权利贫困,要求以一种公权力为基础的主体来帮助权利主体自身权利的维护和实现。     

民法上支配权与请求权的不同逻辑构成——兼论人格权请求权之独立性

请求权是特定人之间的法律关系在逻辑上的必然安排。救济关系系在特定人之间展开,所以救济权必然表现为一种请求权。救济权这一性质的确立,标志着民事责任制度由公法向私法的回归。救济权分为退出式请求与割让式请求,因而包括人格权在内的支配权保护之立法,存在着两种抽象方式：一种是以“救济权的性质”为抽象的方式,导致支配权请求权在法律制度上的独立;另一种是以"救济权的内容"为抽象方式,导致支配权请求权存在于侵权责任制度之中,从而丧失独立性。在后一种立法模式之下,支配权请求权的概念和理论上的独立性以及由此产生的逻辑关系和规则原理,在统一的侵权责任制度下仍应有所体现。     

对公民受教育权进行司法救济之探讨

高校的招生行为直接影响到公民的受教育权。若公民的受教育权受到公立高校招生行为的侵害,对其进行司法救济是可行而且必要的。该司法救济的具体操作,应当遵循程序性审查、有限审查和对高校招生规章适当审查三大基本原则,同时应建立相应的国家赔偿机制。     

贵州少数民族贫困女大学生人文素质培养目标和培养途径

人文素质是大学生诸多素质当中最根本、最基础的素质,是人类发展中起基础性作用的品质,对于其它素质的形成和发展具有很强的渗透力和影响力。因此必须加强大学生人文素质的教育和培养,特别是少数民族贫困女大学生人文素质的教育和培养,尤其在贵州。文中通过对贵州6所主要高校少数民族贫困女大学生的人文素质状况的调查和分析,有针对性地提出贵州少数民族贫困女大学生人文素质培养的必要性、培养目标和培养途径等的认识。     

不起诉裁量权研究

不起诉裁量权是与起诉便宜主义密切相连的、法律特别授予或认可的检察官对于起诉与否的选择权。因而,各国在公诉问题上的基本立场直接影响着立法对检察机关不起诉裁量权的态度。我国立法有关酌定不起诉的规定,赋予了检察机关有限的不起诉裁量权,同时也意味着对起诉便宜主义积极价值的肯认。两大法系在此问题上存在不同作法,自有其不同原因,我国应采取有效措施,补正现行制度的缺陷,推动相关制度的进一步完善。     

The Poet and the Poor Law. Reflections Upon John Clare's ``The Parish'

This article argues that the work of the hedgerow poet John Clare is invaluable for legal social history in illuminating the reality of the operation of the poor law as it affected the lives of the poor. Clare's poem,The Parish, written between 1823–6 was not published during the author's lifetime. Written as he first achieved fame, it consists of 2,202 lines of satire denouncing the cant and hypocrisy he himself had witnessed and experienced in local village life. His Parish was his settlement parish where he and his parents were subject to the power of the vestry and local officials. This piece considers the text within the context of the legal history of the poor law. The value ofThe Parish as a primary source for that legal history is not merely in the simple narrative of biographical events allied to the poet's words, evocative as they are. It lies in the subtleties of Clare's own ambiguity about being poor and in the way those ambiguities assist us today both in understanding Clare's times and values and in hearing Clare mediating the universal experience of poverty through his art. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

保证保险二元性思辨及其法律适用

从一种抽象概念演变为我国消费领域中较为普遍的商业动作行为,保证保险的出现及其发展仅仅经历了短暂的近十年时间,然而对于保证保险性质的混乱认识及立法上的空白,直接导致对保证保险关系当事人之行为无法进行统一规范和调整,笔者认为,保险公司以其保险人身份介入消费信贷关系中与保证人身份进行兼容,从而为各方当事人及司法实践提供了对信贷风险可选择的两种救济模式,并以此区别并优越于单一保证模式,并本着私法自治、司法权被动性之精神为保证保险纠纷公正合理地解决对保证、保险双重模救济模式进行了理性选择。