公平与效率何以兼顾——美国《兰哈姆法》商标权取得制度对中国的启示

我国《商标法》较多地借鉴了大陆法系商标法,并且具有浓厚的商标行政管理法特色,在商标权取得制度上偏重于商标注册和管理的效率性,较少体现公平,客观上使得商标抢注成风、不公平竞争泛滥、垃圾商标成灾,最终导致了效率的丧失。美国《兰哈姆法》坚持公平优先,兼顾效率,使两者有机结合、相辅相成,其商标权取得制度建立在使用主义的基础上,并科学地引入了在先申请主义的内容,使其制度设计不断优化,为我国商标法的修改和完善提供了可资借鉴的范本。     

传统产业结构分析框架的内在缺陷及其替代方案

本文从传统产业结构基本概念内在逻辑缺陷的分析出发,构建了一个包含产品结构和生产组织的立体产业结构分析框架,并对新框架下相关理论的整合进行了初步探讨。     

中国商业银行国际化经营与其效率间关系研究

该文以16家商业银行2007年-2011年财务数据为样本，首先构造TNI指数测量其国际化程度，随后利用DRF—DEA法、结合聚类分析测量并解释各行效率状况。结果表明：中国商业银行效率值虽在低位运行，却呈现逐年递增趋势，且国际化程度较高的六大行效率值低于国际化程度较低的商业银行。在此基础上，运用面板数据模型，考察银行跨国经营与其效率问关系，研究结果与国际化程度“三阶段”S型曲线理论相符。最后指出中国商业银行跨国经营需突破阈值，实现效率改进。     

实际出资人股东资格正当性质疑

随着社会经济的发展，隐名投资现象大量涌现。在隐名投资中，实际出资人履行出资义务，却藏身幕后代请他人为名义股东。最高人民法院通过的《关于适用（中华人民共和国公司法）若干问题的规定（三）》明确承认实际出资人具有股东资格。但是，实际出资人的存在是否具有正当性，有必要从法律价值角度加以分析。研究表明，实际出资人的行为通常不具有合法性，承认其股东资格有悖于公平原则、效率原则和秩序原则。     

神经美学:一个前景与挑战并存的新兴领域

作为一门新兴的交叉学科,神经美学主要采用比较法、神经心理学方法及无损伤的脑成像技术来考察审美欣赏与艺术创造活动的神经机制。已有的神经美学研究大大促进了我们对于审美欣赏与艺术创造的神经基础的了解。未来的研究应该加强对舞蹈、雕刻和文学等艺术类别的研究,并对审美知觉、审美情绪及审美判断等主题进行更为深入细致的研究。同时,还应该加强与心理学、进化学、神经科学等邻近学科的联系,通过整合多学科的研究方法来促进神经美学的大力发展。神经美学是一门年轻的学科,在发展过程中也面临某些问题和挑战。例如研究的结果不一致、缺乏生态效度,研究方法上存在一定的缺陷等。     

口头优先还是书面优先?——国际诉讼法协会(IAPL)2008年年会主题述评

国际诉讼法协会2008年年会的主题为"口头及书面程序:民事诉讼中的效率"。围绕该问题各国学者(主要是大陆法系学者)形成两派观点:一派强调书面程序能有效提高诉讼的效率;另一派则强调口头原则的重要性。两者背后的价值追求都是"如何提高程序效率"。此次会议主题反映出大陆法系民事诉讼在基本程序保障实现后,提高诉讼效率成为十分突出和急迫的问题。此次年会上,学者就相关理论问题展开讨论,如两种"诉讼目的观"的对立、有关书面和口头原则的"两个神话"的解构等。     

Is long-term food insecurity inevitable in Asia?

Abstract

This article questions two widely accepted claims on long-term food insecurity in Asia, the world's (heterogeneous) region with the largest number of undernourished individuals. The first claim is that food production may not grow as fast as the pace of population growth in Asia, which will reach 5 billion by 2050. The second claim is that an unstoppable emergence of a middle class in Asia will dramatically change the composition of food demand. On the first claim, the region's contribution to high and volatile international food prices is well known, but Asia's potentially positive contributions toward future price uncertainty and productivity growth are much less cited. On the second claim, the changing composition of future food demand in the region will depend on the extent that poverty reduction effectively leads to middle class expansion, which it is not an automatic process, and its extent still remains to be seen. Past evidence teaches us that poverty reduction on its own will not do the job of eradicating hunger, nor will only increasing food production. The jury is still out, but doomsday predictions are not necessarily justified.     

Measuring What Matters: A Call for a Meaningful Metric of Affordable Rental Housing Production Cost-Efficiency

The metric commonly used in debates and research concerning the cost-efficiency of multifamily rental housing production, total development cost per unit, sacrifices too much analytical power in return for its ease of computation. This article proposes a replacement metric, the subsidy per housing affordability equivalent (SHARE) ratio. This measure is applied to a set of 399 nonprofit-sponsored rental housing developments completed in California over the past decade. Evidence suggests that the use of SHARE would evaluate deeply subsidized family projects and mixed-use projects with commercial space more favorably than total development cost per unit would. The reverse is true for projects restricted to seniors and for those financed with Low-Income Housing Tax Credits.     

Influence of Khat （Miraa） on Primary School Dropout Among Boys in Meru County,Kenya

Despite introduction of Kenya＇s Free Primary Education in 2003 to achieve Universal Primary Education （MDG2）, primary school boys＇ enrolment in Kangeta is declining while dropout rates are increasing. This study investigated the influence of Khat （Catha edulis） on the boys＇ dropout rates. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 210 randomly selected dropouts and 10 primary school head teachers. Content validity of the teachers＇ questionnaire and boys＇ interview guide was ascertained by education experts, while reliability coefficients determined through a pilot test was 0.83a and 0.72a respectively. Peer pressure, Khat chewing, and easy money from Khat trade forced boys to leave school. Khat was highly regarded, socially accepted, and promoted the local people＇s economy and culture but was partly responsible for the boys＇ dropout. About 62% of the dropouts regretted leaving school and would re-enroll if given a chance. About 89% of the money from Khat was spent on food rather than investment. Parents and education stakeholders should help pupils complete education by discouraging them from engaging in Khat. Those involved in Khat should be encouraged to invest part of their income.     

物的基本区分与物权法的结构

物的基本区分对物权法律制度有着结构性影响。受前苏联法影响,把物区分为生产资料和生活资料曾经决定了中国民事立法的基本构造。在《物权法》中,物的划分不再以政治经济学为根据,转而以潘德克顿法学为学理根据,把物区分为不动产与动产并设置不同的法律规则。