产业集群风险理论研究述评

在简要评述国内外产业集群风险理论的基础上,指出现有集群风险理论研究上的缺陷。基于演化经济学的分析框架,从技术与制度变迁两个层面入手构建了产业集群自稔性风险成因的扩展模型,旨在为深入探求集群风险的成因与化解途径提供更多支持。     

和谐社会视野下的刑事检察监督

刑事检察监督权是检察机关法律监督权的重要组成部分,在构建社会主义和谐社会中发挥极其重要的作用。然而现行立法及实践中出现的诸多不和谐因素,制约着刑事检察工作的发展。因此,改革和完善刑事检察监督权,既是构建和谐社会、充分发挥司法效能的关键,又是刑事检察研究中的重大的理论和现实问题。     

The economic significance of “insignificant” rules

We know relatively little about the economic effects of “insignificant” rules because they are not typically analyzed. Yet, these rules could be cumulatively important. We provide an economic analysis of one proposed rule to control hazardous air pollutants, which is not considered to be economically significant. This rule is of particular interest because it is one of the first in a long series of rules that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will consider for limiting hazardous air pollutant emissions. Our analysis suggests that the proposed controls that EPA has considered are not likely to pass a benefit–cost test. We recommend that an agency base its decision to allocate additional resources to benefit–cost analysis on the expected value of the improved information. In addition, agencies should consider applying a rule of thumb that would specify a threshold level of risk reduction that needs to be achieved before some kinds of regulation are considered.     

构建公共财政应急机制应对公共风险

公共风险是现代社会的一种常态。公共风险如果不能及时有效化解，就有可能演变为社会公共危机，公共财政往往是公共风险的最后一道防线。构建公共财政应急机制是公共财政框架中不可缺少的重要组成部分，而应急预算制度应当是公共财政应急机制的核心。     

Psychosocial Predictors of Emerging Adults' Risk and Reckless Behaviors

Past researchers have identified a range of psychosocial predictors of problem behaviors during adolescence, but have been less active in addressing this same issue in relation to the 18–25-year age group. The current study investigated risk and reckless behaviors in emerging adults using self-report measures and a cross-sectional design. Several of the major limitations associated with past research were overcome by sampling widely, making clear conceptual distinctions, avoiding confounds between predictors and criteria, developing more direct measures of key constructs, and controlling for demographic variables and for social desirability. In this sample of 375 emerging adults, risk behaviors were found to be reliably predicted by sensation seeking, but not by antisocial peer pressure, whereas the reverse pattern of association was more true in relation to reckless behaviors. Gender differences, especially in relation to the impact of social desirability considerations, are explored.     

两种分配方式相结合的经济运行

市场化的按劳分配具有四个鲜明特点:劳动计量市场化、分配主体企业化、工资形成市场化、政府对工资的调控宏观化。按生产要素分配必须首先把不同生产要素的不同使用价值抛开,使它们在质上等同,而利率机制在企业调节并实现剩余价值分配中发挥着重要作用。两种分配方式相结合需要有相应的配套工程。     

土地适度规模经营：问题与对策

土地适度规模经营是我国农业发展的客观要求。但当前农村土地产权关系不清、土地流转中制度的不完善和操作的不规范、富余劳动力转移的障碍以及社会服务和保障体系的欠缺等因素,制约了土地适度规模经营的发展。因此,应完善土地产权关系,规范和促进土地流转,积极转移农村劳动力,健全农村社会服务和保障体系,以努力推进和规范土地适度规模经营。     

纽约市犯罪率下降的相关因素及思考

目前纽约市的犯罪率稳中有降,社会秩序良好,公民的安全指数增加,其犯罪已得到了有效的控制。其主要的经验是:犯罪控制研究机构的多样性;高度重视对研究成果的转化;惩治犯罪与扩大社区矫正的密切结合;注重司法、执法与社区建设的密切结合;严密法网,强化道德;加强对未成年人违法犯罪的治理;控制文化的正面影响。这些措施都值得我国学习借鉴。     

养老服务业的市场需求分析

老龄化程度的不断加深,为我国养老服务业的发展提供了客观需要和外在的基础条件。本文首先阐述了养老服务业的市场构成和影响养老服务业市场需求的诸多因素,然后在消费者调查的基础上,着重分析了我国养老服务业的市场需求潜力。