近年来服务型政府建设研究述评

服务型政府是近年来政府管理研究的重点和难点问题。本文选取2006-2009年发表的近70篇论文,试图梳理服务型政府建设的热点和特点,从研究内容、研究视角、研究领域和研究方法予以评述。籍此扩大、巩固研究共识,明晰公共服务体系建设的方向和任务,以推动服务型政府研究水平的不断提高。     

我国高教服务全过程评价指标体系及实证研究

高等教育评价是考察教育质量和水平的重要手段和途径,而评价的质量保障取决于评价指标体系的科学构建。本研究侧重于高等教育的服务功能,其评价视角是将"服务过程"与"服务结果"两方面相结合,构建了高等教育服务全过程的评价指标体系,并进一步对目前我国各地区高等教育服务的效率和实力予以了综合评价。结果表明:提高高教的效率和实力的前提是拥有较高的经济发展水平;反过来,教育的高效运行也可以进一步刺激当地经济的发展。     

农民工问题的法学追问

“三农”问题主要归类为经济问题并以经济性概念来表达,它延伸到城市还产生了农民工问题。由农民扩展而来的农民工概念是职业与身份的代名词,事实上已演变成为公共的污水沟,政府、社会与媒体难辞其咎。农民工的问题是权利贫困和制度贫困的问题,但法律视野的遮蔽导致各种歧视长期不断延伸,因此,从法学上重新认识民工问题并进行系列制度性改造,必然是彻底解决民工问题的最佳方法。     

农村流动人口对城市医疗服务的使用与医疗消费分析——基于北京市丰台区农村流动人口的调查

农村流动人口群体是城乡二元社会结构中出现的一个特殊群体。进入到城市中的农村流动人口,收入成为影响其医疗消费支出的最主要因素,人口因素和社会经济因素与其对城市医疗服务使用和消费支出的相关关系都不显著,年龄和家庭的特殊结构以及广泛地缺乏社会医疗保障制度的保护是造成这种结果的主要原因。同时也反映出农村流动人口在医疗资源分配与社会权利享有上的不平等状态。     

IS Success and Failure—The Problem of Scale

In the midst of Implementing Electronic Government (IEG), the almost knee-jerk reaction of our political elite seems to be to embrace hugely ambitious Information Systems (IS) solutions to public-sector operations. Problem after problem has been viewed as solvable by throwing some big IT at it. However hindsight and a wealth of evidence and examples shows that overly large-scale public-sector IT projects do not work and persistently end in failure and costly waste. In this article we consider IT projects 'failures' and the combination of social and technical factors that contribute. We illustrate our argument with more detailed reference to the Connecting for Health agenda, part of the NHS National Programme for IT. We suggest 'think local, think modular' to build on good practice and advocate use of the government's own 2004 eGovernment Interoperability Framework (eGIF) to learn lessons from past IT project catastrophes.     

Managerial autonomy: does it matter for the performance of water utilities?

The public administration literature asserts that autonomy is central to performance. In this article we develop a managerial autonomy index, which we apply to 22 water utilities in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The 16 items that underlie our composite autonomy index display a high degree of internal consistency. This speaks for the validity of the autonomy concept. We find that the autonomy scores of the 22 utilities vary widely. We also find strong and positive associations between autonomy scores and six out of eight key performance indicators. Our results support the idea that autonomy is central to the performance of water service providers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

边缘化的生活——中国改革过程中女民工的城市生活经历

生活在城市边缘的女民工,她们抱着不同的理想来到城市,其工作和生活状况虽各有不同,但多处于社会的下层,但她们中的一部分人不向生活低头,通过不懈努力和奋斗,找到了自己生存和发展的空间,为家庭和谐和社会稳定做出了应有的贡献。     

农民工的弱势地位及改变途径

“农民工”问题是随着我国的改革开放而新出现的一种社会现象。一方面,农民工为城市做出了许多贡献,城市越来越离不开他们的存在;另一方面,他们却没有享受到与贡献对等的权利,任何时候自己都被冠以“农民工”的称呼,处于城市社会的下层地位,属于社会的弱势群体。本文首先考察农民工的弱势地位的表现方面,在此基础上分析了农民工处于弱势地位的多方面原因,最后提出了一些改变农民工的弱势地位的建议和对策。     

农民工劳动权益保护之思考

目前 ,广大劳动者特别是农民工劳动权益受侵犯的情况比较严重 ,几乎涉及《劳动法》规定的各个方面。造成这些问题的原因是多方面的 ,主要是政府部门价值取向的失误和法律执行的欠缺 ,当然也包括农民工自身的素质问题。我们必须采取切实有效的措施加强农民工的劳动保护 ,实现社会的公平正义。     

Employer associations: collective bargaining,services and power in historical perspective: the case of the EEF in the UK

ABSTRACT

This paper makes two major contributions: firstly, following on recent research, it offers a more detailed critical analysis of the historical role and structure of Employers’ Associations (EAs), concentrating on a detailed analysis of the range of member services offered by a local Employers’ Association within the Engineering Employers Federation (the EEF) during the 1970s. This focus is in contrast to the literature which has concentrated on the EAs national or ‘central peak’ level. It secondly addresses the ‘countervailing power’ hypothesis, and in so doing it illustrates the key roles of the disputes procedure. The study, as a typical or representative case, uses a qualitative methodology of documentary research combined with triangulation interviews of former officials: evidence which has so far not been prominent in the literature. This paper is, therefore, a significant addition to our understanding of these institutions.