我国网络环境下儿童性权益保障的缺失及对策探讨

随着互联网的迅速发展,儿童已成为我国网络使用的重要群体。网络作为一种新的社会因素,对儿童成长的影响逐渐凸显。儿童在上网过程中,网络环境中充斥的淫秽、色情等不良有害信息以及某些网络违法者对儿童实施的性骚扰及性侵害等行为严重侵害了儿童的性权益。近几年来,网络环境下侵犯儿童性权益的案件频繁发生,如何有效的预防和制止这类犯罪,在复杂的网络环境中减少侵犯儿童性权益的犯罪行为,是我国目前应重视的问题。通过提出网络环境下儿童性权益受到侵害的现状,探析网络环境下儿童性权益被侵害的原因,进而提出网络环境下儿童性权益保护的对策,通过完善我国目前的法律法规,加强对儿童网络安全的管理,加强学校和父母对儿童的性教育与网络安全教育等相关措施,净化网络环境,保护网络环境下儿童性权益,保障儿童的健康成长。     

Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency

The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly put forth in the literature.

Factors Associated with Physician Discussion of Health Behaviors with Adolescents

Behaviors developed in adolescence influence health later in life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of health care provider's discussion of health behaviors with overweight and non-overweight adolescents and identify demographic and health behaviors related to exercise, hours of television viewing, and weight issues associated with these discussions. A Cross sectional survey of urban adolescents was conducted. Trained interviewers administered surveys over a three month period in 2001 at an urban academic pediatric and adolescent clinic. The 252 adolescents surveyed had a mean age of 15 with 49% categorized as being at risk for overweight/overweight and 51% as normal weight using the CDC percentiles for BMI. While 16% of the adolescents reported that their physician or nurse discussed the amount of television they watched, rates of discussion related to exercise (58%), and weight (54%) were much higher. In multivariate analyses, health care provider discussions with adolescents regarding exercise were more common for overweight (O.R.=2.42, 95% C.I. [1.28–4.57]) and at risk for overweight (O.R.=1.98, 95% C.I. [1.03–3.81]) adolescents, whereas physician discussion of television viewing was not associated with weight. Discussions of weight were more common for female (O.R.=2.18, 95% C.I. [1.21–3.95]), African-American (O.R.=2.53, 95% C.I. [1.40–4.57]), and overweight (O.R.=3.92, 95% C.I. [1.97–7.81]) adolescents. Even after adjusting for weight, race and gender strongly influenced the frequency of discussions about weight in physician offices. Although health care providers frequently address weight and exercise with adolescents, more discussions related to sedentary behaviors such as television viewing may be warranted to address adolescent obesity.Received PhD in Epidemiology from University of California, San Diego. Research interests include smoking prevention and cessation among adolescents and health promotion interventions.Received MD from University of Missouri-Kansas City and MPH from Johns Hopkins University. Research interests include health services research and research in support of measurable, systematic improvements in the quality of medical care.Received medical degree from Christian Medical College, Punjab, India and Master of Public Health from University of Kansas School of Medicine. Research interests include diet and physical activity behaviors, role of the environment in obesity and obesity prevention, especially among children and adolescents.Received MBBS from Allama Iqbal Medical College, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan and MPH from University of Kansas Medical Center. Research interests include smoking cessation, database design, implementation, data management and analysis, and use of information technology in health care settings.Director, Cancer Prevention, Control, and Population Sciences, Kansas Cancer Institute. Received MD/MPH from Tulane University and MS from Harvard School of Public Health. Research interests include disparities in healthcare; smoking cessation among underserved populations, specifically African Americans; diet, nutrition, obesity, and physical activity.     

生命法史考

作为生命法学研究对象的生命法拥有自身独特的发展历程。国外生命法与中国生命法尽管显现出了不尽相同的发展进路，但却有着相同的推动力量。具体来说：生命法的发展是经济社会进步的必然结果，是科技进步的必然结果。生命法的本质使命在于保障人类生命伦理社会秩序的相对稳定。就其发展进路来看，生命科技的不断进步与人类经济社会的持续发展使得生命法的调整范围必然呈现出日渐扩大的趋向，其体系构成必然会逐步完善，而生命法的内容也会越来越趋向于理性。     

关于提升法学（医药卫生）专业社会效益的思考

随着社会的需求，法学（医药卫生）这一专业应运而生。然而，缺乏实践性的法学教育使得培养出的大量法科毕业生无法满足现实法律实务工作的要求，那么本期待能弥补法学教育实践性缺乏这一困境的法学（医药卫生）教育能否带来很好的社会效益呢？本文将针对如何提升法学（医药卫生）专业的社会效益这一新的现实问题，从几个方面提出自己的一些思考。     

从性别政治到性欲政治——台湾女性思潮变迁的一个侧面

近30年来，台湾女性运动与思潮发展迅猛。特别在上世纪90年代，焦点一度从争取参政权、财产权等公共领域转入“私领域”，更多地关注女性的性欲和身体。这一发展，深刻地显示了台湾社会女性思潮的重大变化。     

论农村低保户的医疗保障

保护公民健康权是我国政府应尽的国际义务和宪法义务，医疗保障制度是保障健康权的重要制度。根据补充性原则，政府在行政给付中的义务处于第二位，但是由于农村低保户在经济能力上的特殊性，其医疗保障中政府应承担主导作用，并以此为指导思想完善我国农村低保户医疗保障制度。     

对比研究视野下的中国卫生立法迫切性

本文以中美两国卫生立法对比研究为切人点探讨中国卫生立法的迫切性，在医疗控费、患者保护、医疗保险市场、医生监管等几个方面介绍了美国立法体系，从执行力、立法理念、前瞻性等环节上进行了对比分析，从差异上找出可改进之处。     

大学生心理健康教育工作的有效途径

近年来，大学生心理健康问题越来越受到关注。目前已有不少高校和心理学专家开始了对大学生心理健康问题的研究，并取得了宝贵的成果。通过分析当前大学生中普遍存在的心理问题，力求找出解决问题的正确途径，以帮助大学生摆脱心理问题的困扰，走出心理阴影。     

谈大学生心理健康问题及矫正措施

当代高等院校大学生处在纷繁复杂的社会变迁中,心理健康状况不容乐观,心理问题层出不穷。如何预防和减少心理疾病的发生,社会、学校和教育者承担着不可推卸的责任。