The Role of Woman's Explanations for Refusal on Men's Ability to Discriminate Unwanted Sexual Behavior in a Date Rape Scenario

This study examined the impact of types of women's verbal refusals, and the timing of her refusal, on men's discrimination of when a female wants her partner to stop making sexual advances. Male students were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 conditions (Explanations × Intimacy Levels). Before listening to an audiotape of a date rape, participants were told they would be listening to an interaction between a man and a woman who had just returned from a date. They were instructed to indicate when the woman wanted the man to stop making sexual advances by pressing a switch that synchronously stopped a timer (yielding the measure of latency). In the vignette, the woman provided an explanation for not engaging in sexual intercourse on the date either during kissing or when the man attempted to touch her breasts. She offered one of three reasons for refusing his sexual advances; fear of pregnancy, waiting until marriage, too early in the relationship. Results revealed an interaction in which participants in the too early in the relationship explanation at the level of breast contact condition displayed significantly longer latencies than individuals in the other groups. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

价值取向:代表人民根本利益的伟大坐标--纪念中国共产党建党80周年

以人民群众为价值主体,人民利益高于一切,全心全意为人民服务,是中国共产党人的价值取向.我们党80年来的光辉实践,始终贯穿着这一基本的价值取向,得到了亿万人民群众的衷心拥戴.在新的世纪里,面对社会利益格局的剧烈变动,各种利益主体价值取向的多样化,我们党只有继续坚持这一价值取向,才能始终保持先进性与纯洁性,真正代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,把建设有中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进.     

The Queen and the `Bolton Seven'

This note examines the case of a group of gay men who, having engaged in consensual sexual acts together, became known as the `Bolton Seven' following their conviction in 1998 for offences of buggery and/or gross indecency. More particularly the note scrutinises the implications of the ages of the participants (one of whom, at 17 , was unable to give lawful consent to sexual intercourse with a man) in the light of the enactment of Part I of the Sex Offenders Act 1997 which introduces a system of compulsory registration by some convicted and cautioned sex offenders with the police (including men convicted of, or cautioned for, buggery or gross indecency). The note explores the justification for inclusion of these offences within the remit of the1997 Act together with the cultural construction of gay men as predatory and as constituting a risk to younger members of society. It also analyses some of the effects of the registration requirement in terms of it constituting a potential violation of fundamental rights such as equality and respect for private life. This discussion is located particularly within the context of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 in the U.K.. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美国工作场所性骚扰雇主民事责任之研究

工作场所性骚扰在美国被认为是性别歧视行为和对妇女平等工作、就业权的侵害行为,包括交换利益性骚扰和敌意工作环境性骚扰两种形式。对于交换利益性骚扰,雇主应承担严格责任;对于敌意工作环境性骚扰,应根据性骚扰者属管理者或职员的不同身份,适用不同的归责原则,但雇主得以自己无过错而提出抗辩。美国联邦法院通过合理的证据规则、专家证人制度以及惩罚性赔偿制度的运用,更有利于对受害人的保护。     

Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Among Adolescents

The purpose of this article is to examine the self-reported sexual attitudes and behaviors of adolescents living in the Midwest. A survey was administered to 463 African American youths ages 11–19. The results indicate that intent to have sexual intercourse, reported likelihood toward having sexual intercourse, and whether participants felt that they would have sex in the next 3 months were predictors of whether they had sexual intercourse at the 3-month follow-up. The results also revealed that the opinions of referent others did not predict sexual intercourse at 3 months. Negative attitudes toward condoms did predict condom use at 3 months and the opinions of referent others also predicted condom use at 3 months. Limitations as well as future research are also discussed.     

The Use of Laser Microdissection in Forensic Sexual Assault Casework: Pros and Cons Compared to Standard Methods

Sexual assault samples are among the most frequently analyzed in a forensic laboratory. These account for almost half of all samples processed routinely, and a large portion of these cases remain unsolved. These samples often pose problems to traditional analytic methods of identification because they consist most frequently of cell mixtures from at least two contributors: the victim (usually female) and the perpetrator (usually male). In this study, we propose the use of current preliminary testing for sperm detection in order to determine the chances of success when faced with samples which can be good candidates to undergo analysis with the laser microdissection technology. Also, we used laser microdissection technology to capture fluorescently stained cells of interest differentiated by gender. Collected materials were then used for DNA genotyping with commercially available amplification kits such as Minifiler, Identifiler Plus, NGM, and Y‐Filer. Both the methodology and the quality of the results were evaluated to assess the pros and cons of laser microdissection compared with standard methods. Overall, the combination of fluorescent staining combined with the Minifiler amplification kit provided the best results for autosomal markers, whereas the Y‐Filer kit returned the expected results regardless of the used method.     

传承与发展:马克思主义法学在中国

在社会进步和法律发展的进程中 ,人的发展、方法论的创新以及多元化一直是并且依然是社会的关注点 ,更是马克思主义法学的时代主题。中国马克思主义法学在新世纪的基本走向是“回到马克思”。立足于民族与历史 ,马克思主义法学对“全球化”作了精辟的阐述 ,“现实的个人”是同全球化一起成长的 ,而法律全球化与经济全球化密切相关 ,在法律全球化过程中 ,特定国家和地区的法律制度受到的冲击也是必然的。马克思主义法学的全球化意义在于 :在法律改革与国际接轨的过程中 ,我们要主动适应、积极参与 ,而不能被动地适应和接受。     

论盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产行为定性的法律根据

我国司法实务对盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产的行为存在较大的分歧。其中的盗窃罪定性较为切合实际,但说理并不充分。网络游戏虚拟财产在本质上是一种债权凭证．我国法律将作为债权凭证的纸币拟制为物的先例说明完全可以将虚拟财产归入《民法通则》、《刑法》、《继承法》所规定的“其他财产”以及《物权法》所规定的“其他动产”之列。据此,盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产构成犯罪的,同时触犯盗窃罪与非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪两个罪名。属于想象竟舍,可择一重罪处断。     

以人为本维度社会弱势群体的法治情怀

要实现对社会弱势群体的法律保护,应该从法律价值的转变着手,要求法律必须承认和确立“以人为本”的社会正义观,关注社会生活中的每一个体;要求法律的价值理念由义务本位向权利与义务并举的方向更新,更多的关注弱势群体的各项权利;要求法律制度的价值理念由偏重效率向公正与效率辩证统一的方向努力,并把关注社会公正放在首要位置。此外,还必须建立健全相关法制,严格执法,采用多层次的保护途径和方法。