单一颜色商标注册保护的可行性分析及启示

2014年5月1日起正式实施的新商标法并未纳入单一颜色商标，这成为本次《商标法》修改的一大遗憾。域外美欧等发达国家已经形成了较为成熟的单一颜色商标注册保护的理论和实践。颜色耗尽理论、色差混淆理论、颜色功能理论和不能识别理论等四大反对单一颜色商标注册保护理论的重新审视论证了单一颜色商标的可注册性。单一颜色商标要获得注册保护，需要通过使用获得显著性，并且不能具有实用功能性和美学功能性。在我国，单一颜色商标长期未能获得注册保护，期待借鉴国外有益经验，在《商标法》的下一次修改过程中，将单一颜色纳入可注册商标的范围之内。     

刑法中的“多次”犯罪问题研究

刑法中的"多次"犯罪,在本质上是将同种数罪以法律拟制的方式作为一罪加重处罚的刑法现象,我们也可称之为"多次"加重犯。由于立法者将犯罪的次数作为法定刑升格条件,这使得刑法对此类犯罪的处罚具有明显的重刑主义倾向。所以对于"多次"犯罪中的"次",应当坚持事实与价值相统一、客观与主观相统一的判断原则,从严予以认定。"多次"犯罪中单个犯罪之构成,仅要求该次行为足以构成犯罪即可,而不论该次行为属于既遂、未遂、预备抑或中止等形态。对于一次教唆或帮助行为,即便其内容涉及或导致了"多次"犯罪,对教唆者和帮助者也不能与正犯一起被评价为"多次"犯罪。     

关于调整中国刑法结构的思考

There are two problems with regard to the structure of Chinese criminal law. Firstly, the crimes that are defined in the Chinese criminal code are approximately equal to the felonies that are defined in the western criminal codes, while re-education through labor and penalty for administration of public security similar to the misdemeanors and violations in western countries respectively are not included in the Chinese criminal code, and meanwhile the security measures have not been systematized. Secondly, crimes and penalties, except in criminal law, can not be prescribed in administrative laws and economic laws, and such single track system of conviction and sentencing fails to satisfy the current social situation in which the number of mala prohibia has increased so much. The way to reform Chinese criminal law structure: Firstly, it is to establish a double track system, where mala prohibia should be prescribed in the related administrative laws or economic laws; secondly, a comprehensive criminal code should be reformulated in which felonies, misdemeanors, violations and security measures are all included. Liu Renwen, Ph.D, is a senior research fellow at the Law Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His major works include: A Preliminary Study of Criminal Policy (2004), Economic Analysis in the Integration of Criminal Law (2007), Crimes of Environment and National Resources (2004); and research articles, such as: Reform of the re-education through labor (Criminal Law Review, 2001), Enhance the quality of death penalty cases through the procedure (New Reports in Criminal Law, 2006).     

中外警察单警装备比较研究

现阶段我国警察在单警装备的使用过程中存在着配置内容不合理，法律保障不充分，训练脱离实战，管理制度不健全等问题，造成了一线民警不愿佩戴、不敢使用单警装备的现状。相比之下，国外警察在单警装备的使用过程中表现出规范、科学、实用、高效的特点。为此，通过比较中外警察在单警装备各个方面的不同之处，借鉴国外警察部门在单警装备使用中的先进经验，有助于完善我国警察单警装备的配置、法律保障、训练和管理，进而为我国公安基层民警合理、有效、规范的使用单警装备提供帮助。     

单身男性生育权探析

生育权作为人的一项基本权利,理应受到保护,但生育权的主体范围则是一直以来争论不断的问题。单身男性是否享有生育权,目前我国法律还没有明确规定,学术界也没有形成统一认识。单身男性生育权存在有其合理性与必要性,呼吁国家建立专门的法律制度对其予以规范和保护。     

Evaluation of 96 SNPs in 14 populations for worldwide individual identification

Great advances have been made recently in searching for individual identification single-nucleotide polymorphisms (IISNPs or IDSNPs). Such SNPs as suggested by SNPforID scientists and by Pakstis et al., are promising, although they were selected from older or smaller databases rather than the most recent database. Here, we describe a new computational strategy for developing IDSNPs based on HapMap. We searched through HapMap r27 for SNPs having minor allele frequencies ≥0.30 in all its 11 populations and found more than 1881 qualified SNPs. We examined 96 of them with 183 DNA samples from three Chinese populations using Illumina arrays. The average allele frequency for these 96 SNPs among the three populations was 0.495/0.505, the average number of identical SNP genotypes shared by two individuals among the 14 populations (three Chinese and 11 HapMap) was 37.9, and the random matching probability for two unrelated Hans to match in all 96 genotypes was 9.793 × 10(-39). Thus, most of these 96 SNPs are universally applicable.     

中国宪法权利“新”类型的划分、解释与应用

关于中国宪法权利的研究存在着诸多缺陷,而导致研究缺陷的一个重要原因就是对中国宪法权利的分类针对性与科学性不足。基于规范依据,可将中国宪法权利划分为单一宪法权利与复合宪法权利;基于权利内容,可将中国宪法权利划分为基本权利与非基本权利。运用"新"分类所蕴含的关系原理,既可对中国宪法权利本体问题及衍生的关系问题作出解释,也可对中国宪法权利的护卫机制进行设想与展望。     

基层民警单警装备使用现状调查分析——以江苏省苏北三市为例

为深入调查研究江苏省基层民警使用单警装备的现状,本研究设计了单警装备使用现状调查问卷,对江苏省苏北三座城市200多名民警进行问卷调查。通过数据分析发现基层民警在配备、使用单警装备上存在着一些问题,这些问题主要根源于投入、机制保障、教育培训、法律支持四个方面。     

司法实践中如何掌握刑事证据相互印证的合理限度

文章从刑事证据相互印证的意义出发,分析刑事证据相互印证的优势价值,进而提出在刑事司法实践中应如何掌握和合理运用刑事证据相互印证。文章提出两个在当今司法实践中较为热点的问题:一是出现"一对一"的证据状况,如何综合运用相互印证审查和认定证据。二是如何正确认识指纹在证据相互印证过程中的作用。     

Association of Five SNPs at the PARK16 locus as a Susceptibility Locus with Parkinson's Disease for Forensic Application

To investigate the association of five SNPs(rs823083,rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110) at the PARK16 locus with Parkinson's disease(PD),and to potentiate its forensic application.The genomic DNAs of 215 PD patients and 212 matched controls from the northern Han Chinese population were amplified in two independent PCR systems and subsequently genotyped by digestion with the three endonucleases(Hinf Ⅰ,Nco Ⅰ and Msp Ⅰ).The genetic parameters and association studies were carried out with SPSS 13.0,Haploview version 4.2 and PLINK 1.07 softwares.We detected accurately all genotypes in the five SNPs with multiplex PCR-RFLP and mismatched multiplex PCR-RFLP techniques.The genotypes of four SNPs,except for rs823083,were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The four SNPs,rs16856110,rs4951261,rs708723 and rs823076,which were in linkage equilibrium,should not be associated with PD(P-values ranging from 0.077 to 0.544).The SNPs investigated at the PARK16 locus were not found to be involved in PD-associated blocks in the northern Han Chinese population.The allele distributions of rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110 in the northern Han Chinese population can be highly polymorphic,which can be applied to genetic analysis and forensic practices.