A New Method for Human ABO Genotyping Using a Universal Reporter Primer System

Abstract: We developed a new method for forensic ABO genotyping based on a universal reporter primer (URP) system. This allows for the simultaneous detection of six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the ABO gene (nucleotide positions 261, 297, 526, 703, 796, and 803). This URP system provides obvious peaks, ranging from 82 to 151 bp in length. ABO genotypes were classified and successfully genotyped by our method, including minor alleles that may cause a discrepancy between the genetic data and serological phenotypes. Full profiles were identified using as little as 0.1 ng (0.05 ng/reaction) of standard K562 and 9947A DNA. Moreover, the success rate of genotyping from a URP system was much higher than that from a conventional primer extension method in degraded DNA. This method enables simple and rapid detection of multiple SNP sites on human ABO genes and is highly specific and sensitive when using limited and degraded DNA.     

中国朝鲜族H19基因上游差异甲基化区SNP分布

目的调查中国朝鲜族群体中H19基因上游差异甲基化区(differentially methylated region,DMR)SNP及单倍型分布,为法医学应用及群体遗传学研究提供基础数据。方法收集中国朝鲜族101份无关个体血样和14份来自5个亲缘关系已知的两代家系血样,用PCR-循环测序、McrBC消化DNA后PCR方法检测H19基因上游DMR的SNP,并用亲源印记等位基因(parentally imprinted allele,PIA)分型法进行单倍型检测,再计算相关遗传学参数。结果在H19基因上游DMR 1174bp的目的基因扩增产物中,共检出13个SNP(rs10840167、rs2525883、rs12417375、rs4930101、rs2525882、rs2735970、rs2735971、rs11042170、rs2735972、rs10732516、rs2071094、rs2107425、rs4930098)和5种单倍型,有9个SNP属于高鉴别能力的遗传标记,其单倍型具有较高的个人识别率,单倍型平均基因多样性(GD)为0.714。应用McrBC酶消化基因组DNA的PIA分型法确定了家系子代样本的母源单倍型。结论 H19基因上游DMR在中国朝鲜族群体中具有很高的遗传多态性,母源单倍型的确定进一步提高了印记基因的法医学鉴定效能。     

Association of Five SNPs at the PARK16 locus as a Susceptibility Locus with Parkinson's Disease for Forensic Application

To investigate the association of five SNPs(rs823083,rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110) at the PARK16 locus with Parkinson's disease(PD),and to potentiate its forensic application.The genomic DNAs of 215 PD patients and 212 matched controls from the northern Han Chinese population were amplified in two independent PCR systems and subsequently genotyped by digestion with the three endonucleases(Hinf Ⅰ,Nco Ⅰ and Msp Ⅰ).The genetic parameters and association studies were carried out with SPSS 13.0,Haploview version 4.2 and PLINK 1.07 softwares.We detected accurately all genotypes in the five SNPs with multiplex PCR-RFLP and mismatched multiplex PCR-RFLP techniques.The genotypes of four SNPs,except for rs823083,were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The four SNPs,rs16856110,rs4951261,rs708723 and rs823076,which were in linkage equilibrium,should not be associated with PD(P-values ranging from 0.077 to 0.544).The SNPs investigated at the PARK16 locus were not found to be involved in PD-associated blocks in the northern Han Chinese population.The allele distributions of rs708723,rs4951261,rs823076 and rs16856110 in the northern Han Chinese population can be highly polymorphic,which can be applied to genetic analysis and forensic practices.     

单个细胞DNA样本的制备及其在灵敏度分析中的应用研究

目的建立一种用于高精确灵敏度分析的微量DNA样本制备方法。方法用显微捕获技术制备以细胞为单位的DNA样本,并用于ProfilerPlus试剂盒及ABI310遗传分析仪的灵敏度测试。结果建立了单细胞捕获操作方案,成功制备了依次含1～11个细胞的一组DNA分析样本,并可准确用于ProfilerPlus誖试剂盒及ABI310遗传分析仪的灵敏度研究。结论基于显微操作技术的高精确微量DNA分析样本制备方法可准确用于分析技术方法的灵敏度研究     

从诠释学看中国传统哲学"理一而分殊"命题的意义变迁(上)

"理一而分殊"是中国传统哲学重要命题,本文首先论述了此一命题作为一个阐明儒家仁义说反对墨家兼爱说的伦理命题的原始境遇,此一命题所经历的最先的富有生命气息的历史搅动;其次论述了此一命题从伦理命题发展成为一个形而上学哲学命题的思路历程,异质文化(佛教)的吸收所起的重大的推进作用;再次论述了此一普遍哲学命题在具体应用中所出现的方法论争论;最后论述了此一命题的意义扩充和历史发展所展示的中国传统哲学的本质和发展规律.作者指出中国传统哲学的本质不同于西方哲学重认识求知识,它着重于讲德行重实践,因而中国传统哲学命题的原始意蕴往往肇始于伦理实践领域,正因为此,中国传统哲学的发展往往因缺乏纯理性化和形而上学化的内在张力而需要外来哲学的冲击.按照作者的观点,中西文化交流是中国哲学现代化的必要条件,同时"理一而分殊"的理论模式对未来世界哲学的发展也具有一定的认识意义.     

Objective and Self-Perceived Resources as Predictors of Depression Among Urban and Non-Urban Adolescent Mothers

Pregnant and parenting adolescents often cope with a lack of resources as they struggle to negotiate the tasks of motherhood and adolescence. Previous research has determined that young mothers have an increased rate of depression when compared to older mothers. In this study, self-perceived resource adequacy, education, income, age, and environment (urban vs. non-urban) were investigated as predictors of depression at approximately 14 and 36 months after birth in adolescent mothers (N=523). Self-perceived resources accounted for significant variance in depression at 14 and 36 months while controlling for education and income. However, education and income were not significant predictors while controlling for self-perceived resources. Age and environment did not predict depression. Researchers would be wise to focus on a young woman’s view of her situation, as it appears that self-perceived resources play an important role in predicting depression.Post-Doctoral Research Associate at Juniper Gardens Children’s Project, University of Kansas. She received her Ph.D. from Iowa State University in 2005. Her major research interests are adolescent parenthood, mental health, and parenting interventions.Professor at Iowa State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1976. His major research interests are stress and coping, mental health, and adolescence.Assistant Professor at Iowa State University. She received her Ph.D. from Iowa State University in 1997. Her major research interests are assessment and program planning for children with disabilities and early literacy.     

关于转轮手枪规范操作的思考

文章结合笔者赴港进行第六期武力使用教官课程（UFIC）的培训经验,以转轮手枪装、退弹动作,以及单、双动作发射的操作方法为例,建议公安部借鉴香港警方及国外警察的训练经验,结合2005式9毫米转轮手枪自身特点和国内执法环境,规范相关操作方法,从而制定出安全、有效的训练模式。     

Making space for a new role – gender differences in identity changes in couples transitioning to parenthood

Changes in life roles reflect the process of reorganization of identity, which is an important component of adaptation during transition to parenthood. During this family transition gender differences are significant. Despite the fact that in Western societies women and men are encouraged to share family and work responsibilities, female self-concept is more strongly associated with motherhood, whereas men still highly value the role of a breadwinner. Therefore, relative perceived and desired salience, and directly assessed importance of main life roles (a spouse, a worker and a parent) before and after the birth of the child were examined. One hundred and eighty-seven couples participated in the study. The perceived (relative and directly assessed), and relative desired salience of a parental role increased after the child’s birth in both genders. Women valued the parent role higher than men who deemed the worker role more salient to their identity after the child’s birth. Spouse identity seemed to be created in the couple itself as both partners assessed it similarly. Inclusion of couples and repeated measurement of all variables allowed for the analysis of complex changes in self-perceptions in transitions to motherhood and fatherhood.     

Paradoxes of Gender in Elderly Care: The Case of Men as Care Workers in Sweden

The Swedish public system of elderly care is highly relevant for studying gender relations, specifically when male care workers are more frequently seen within this female-coded field of practice. In this article, qualitative interviews with male and female care workers, elderly women and men, and care managers are analysed to discover how they talk about care work and how gender is expressed, both implicitly and explicitly, in the materialization of care. By illuminating the dynamics of how gender is constructed and negotiated in the intersection of the different actors' perspectives, the paradoxes of gender appeared. The care workers' moral responsibility seemed to undermine equality between male and female care workers, and the elderly clients' gendered expectations and representations created inequality in care work. Furthermore, the gender-neutral assessments made by the care managers came to favour elderly men. Thus, the results suggest the importance of capturing the different perspectives in society's institutions, such as elderly care, in order to understand the complexities of gendered processes.